六朝隋唐时期考功郎隶属及其职掌之变化

六朝隋唐时期,考功郎隶属及其职掌均发生较大变化。魏晋时,考功郎掌百官考课,隶属于吏部尚书;南朝时,功论郎取代考功郎掌考课,隶属于都官尚书;北朝中后期,考功郎中掌考课百官及考试秀孝,隶属于吏部尚书;隋及唐前期,考功郎中、员外郎之隶属及其职掌略同北朝。唐中期以后,考功郎中、员外郎专掌京官与地方官的考课,策试秀孝的职责则转归礼部。六朝隋唐时期考功郎隶属及其职掌的变化,反映了尚书省机构的职能调整及选举与考课各司其责体制的逐渐形成。     

跨界旅游区旅游经济联系度及其网络特征——以环太湖地区为例

引用社会网络理论与方法,分析环太湖地区旅游经济联系的网络特征,提出跨界旅游区旅游经济联系的机制。结果显示:从网络结构看,环太湖地区整体网络较两省分网络复杂,表明跨界维度越高层级越多,网络结构越复杂,合作难度越大,网络密度层面亦可验证;就点度中心势而言,整体网络较分网络大,表明跨界维度越高层级越多,节点集聚要素与对外辐射能力越强;环太湖地区整体网络边界屏蔽效应显著,分网络中介性较高,合作意愿较强。进一步分析影响边界效应的因素,得到其旅游经济联系机制,展望跨界旅游区发展的趋势。     

Early ironworking in Iron Age South India: New evidence for the social organization of production from northern Karnataka

Abstract

Iron production was integral to political and ritual practices during the South Indian Iron Age (ca. 1200–300 b.c.), yet the investigation of the social relations of metals production during this period has been overshadowed by studies of iron consumption, particularly of iron objects in megalithic mortuary contexts. Recent archaeological research in the Tungabhadra River Corridor, Karnataka, has revealed iron production debris within and between settlements in more ephemeral occupational contexts, such as rockshelters. One notable discovery is the earliest ironworking facility in South India at Bukkasagara. The regional pattern suggests that iron production involved at least two classes of specialist producers—smelters and smiths—who exercised varying degrees of control over the practice and products of their craft. It also suggests that iron production was an important component in the construction and negotiation of Iron Age social differences, affiliations, and inequalities.     

基于组织视角的企业集群与工业园区关联机理分析

本文从产业关联性、企业的竞争与协作等方面探讨企业集群与工业园区的内在联系,以期通过集群这种企业间组织的新形式,提高工业园区的整体竞争优势。