Conceptions of place: approaching space,children and physical activity

In this paper, we argue that place mapping is useful for approaching children's conception of place and that this is of relevance when designing physical activity interventions. We contend that socio-material factors influence children's perception and use of places, and are crucial to understand in relation to their use of local neighbourhoods for physical activity. A place mapping of children's understandings and everyday use of their local neighbourhood in suburban Copenhagen was conducted with a fifth grade elementary school class. The mapping and subsequent analysis resulted in three categories of relevance to children's conceptions of place; located social experiences, experiences of the unknown, and children's contested spaces. We argue that such knowledge can provide useful information in the development and evaluation of activities that promote physical activity in urban spaces.     

Active learning through online quizzes: better learning and less (busy) work

Active learning is increasingly promoted within institutions of higher education to assist students develop higher order thinking and link knowledge to meaning. In this paper, the authors evaluate the use of weekly online quizzes based on prescribed preparatory material as a tool to incentivize preparatory reading in order to enable and encourage active learning. The study is based on mixed data sources, including three years of student-evaluation data, to understand student perceptions of the role and value of online quizzes. The study shows a high level of student engagement with the quizzes and positive assessment of their role in encouraging the completion of prescribed reading. Online quizzes were found to be an effective mechanism for incentivizing student completion of preparatory work, enhancing active learning (such as through in-class discussions), and were relatively time efficient from the perspective of the educator.     

Muslim active citizenship in Australia: Socioeconomic challenges and the emergence of a Muslim elite

The most recent national Census demonstrated that Australian Muslims continue to occupy a socioeconomically disadvantaged position. On key indicators of unemployment rate, income, type of occupation and home ownership, Muslims consistently under-perform the national average. This pattern is evident in the last three Census data (2001, 2006 and 2011). Limited access to resources and a sense of marginalisation challenge full engagement with society and the natural growth of emotional affiliation with Australia. Muslim active citizenship is hampered by socioeconomic barriers. At the same time, an increasingly proactive class of educated Muslim elite has emerged to claim a voice for Muslims in Australia and promote citizenship rights and responsibilities.

最近的全国普查显示,澳大利亚的穆斯林仍处于社会经济的弱势地位。在诸如失业率、收入、就业类型、家居拥有等关键指标看,穆斯林一直位于国家平均水平之下。这一模式在最近三次普查（2001、2006、2011）中非常明显。获得资源渠道的有限以及边缘化感觉阻碍着他们充分参与社会,以及在情感上融入澳大利亚。穆斯林的公民意识受困于社会经济障碍。与此同时,也出现了一班受到良好教育的穆斯林精英,这个积极进取的阶层开始为澳大利亚的穆斯林代言,促进他们的公民权利和义务。     

Capillary Active Interior Insulation Systems for Wall Retrofitting: A More Nuanced Story

To thermally upgrade exterior masonry walls, interior insulation is often the only possible retrofitting technique, especially when dealing with historic buildings. Unfortunately, it is also the riskiest post-insulation technique, as frost damage, interstitial condensation, and other damage patterns might be induced. To diminish those risks, nowadays so-called capillary active interior insulation systems are often promoted. These systems aim a minimal reduction of the inward drying potential, while interstitial condensation is buffered.

Currently, several capillary active systems are on sale. These different types have, however, widely varying properties. In this article, a closer look at the hygrothermal properties and the working principle of a number of “capillary active” interior insulation systems is made. The spread in capillary absorption coefficients and the vapor diffusion resistances of the different systems is discussed and their influence is illustrated. Based on all this, a more nuanced view on capillary active insulation systems is pursued.

Abbreviations: AC: aerated concrete; CaSi: calcium silicate; GM: glue mortar; GB: gypsum board; HAMFEM: Heat Air and Moisture Finite Element Method; MW: mineral wool; PE: polyethylene; PIR: polyisocyanurate; PUR: polyurethane; VIP: vacuum insulation panel; WFB: wood fiber board; XPS: extruded polystyrene; sd_dry: dry vapor diffusion resistance factor; µ_dry: dry vapor diffusion resistance     

关于校园暴力的成因分析及应对措施

校园暴力是一种无政府的破坏校园安定和学生学习环境的行径。对此如不进行积极的预防和有效的遏制,就会破坏学校的学习秩序,严重危害学生的学习、生活和身心健康,给社会的安定团结带来不利影响。为此,全枉会都应十分关注校园暴力问题。本文正是针对校园暴力问题,从社会学、教育学、伦理学、心理学等方面对其产生的成因作出分析并提出了相应的对策。     

Councils,consultations and community: rethinking the spaces for children and young people's participation1

The participation of children and young people in decisions that affect them is now mainstream in social and public policy in the UK. Yet for many young people formal participation opportunities are abstracted from everyday lives and concerns. Children may not feel empowered despite the existence of formal structures for participation. This raises questions about how ‘spaces’ for participation are constructed. This paper critiques prevailing models of participation in formal structures and instead, argues for the need to rethink children's participation as a more diverse set of social processes rooted in everyday environments and interactions.     

Evidence of Geometric Operators used to Shape Ancient Hulls

In some shipwrecks we can recognize factors such as units of measurement, use of segments and arcs, and repetition of shapes, which may have been rationalised during the transition from craft shipbuilding to a formal design process. This is an a posteriori assessment, as we do not know how hull‐shapes were planned and controlled in Antiquity. However the Cheops boat, and the Madrague de Giens, Anse des Laurons II, Fiumicino 4 and Yassi Ada II wrecks, display measurements and geometries suggesting rational approaches to hull‐moulding, with principles common to those of medieval and Renaissance shipbuilding and the traditional Mediterranean garbi. © 2012 The Author     

THE POETICS OF ANCIENT GREEK MEMORY AND THE HISTORICAL IMPERATIVE

This book examines Greek engagements with the past as articulations of memory formulated against the contingency of chance associated with temporality. Based on a phenomenological understanding of temporality, it identifies four memorializing strategies: continuity (tradition), regularity (exemplarity), development, and acceptance of chance. This framework serves in pursuing a twofold aim: to reconstruct the literary field of memory in fifth‐century bce Greece; and to interpret Greek historiography as a memorializing mode. The key contention advanced by this approach is that acts of memory entailed an “idea of history” that was articulated not only in historiography, but also in epinician poetry, elegy, tragedy, and oratory. The book offers a rich account of poetic conventions and contexts through which each of these genres counterbalanced contingency through the use of exemplary and traditional modes of memory. This fine analysis highlights the grip of the present on the past as a significant feature of both historiographical and nonhistoriographical genres. The essay argues that this work fills a disciplinary gap by extending the reflection on memory to a new period, Greek antiquity. The retrospective positioning of this period at the outset of Western historical thought brings Grethlein's investigation to the center of debates about memory, temporality, and the meaning history. In engaging with the book's argument, the essay suggests that historiographical memory emerged in Greece not as a first‐order encounter with time, but as a second‐order encounter with forgetting. This confrontation marked a certain separation of historiography from other memorializing genres. Whereas poetic and rhetorical memories were posited against contingency, historiography sought to retrieve those aspects of the past that may otherwise have been irretrievably lost and forgotten. In doing so, it formulated the historiographical imperative as a negation of forgetting that problematized the truth‐value of memory and the very act of remembering the past.     

SIMPLE EXPRESSION OF THE DYNAMIC STIFFNESS OF GROUPED PILES IN SWAY MOTION

A simplified expression is derived for the dynamic stiffness of grouped piles subjected to lateral loading. A computer program, based on the Thin Layered Element Method, is used for this purpose. The results of the program are compared with rigorous solutions. The simplified expression of the dynamic stiffness of grouped piles, where the mass, damping and stiffness parameters are frequency invariant, will be particularly useful for an equivalent linear analysis of the interaction between nonlinear soil and grouped piles in real time.     

SLIDING MODE CONTROL OF BUILDING FRAMES UNDER RANDOM GROUND MOTION

A sliding mode control theory is presented to control the response of building frames to predominant frequency components of the random ground motions. The control algorithm is derived based on a sliding surface which is a function of a state vector containing the structural displacements and velocities and variables that dictate the predominant frequency components of the excitation. Three control mechanisms are employed to control the response of the building frame namely, (1) active mass damper (AMD) placed at the top storey of the building, (2) an actuator placed at a storey level and, (3) an actuator placed at a storey level along with a tuned mass damper (TMD) situated at the top storey level. Responses obtained by the proposed control strategy are compared with those obtained by the linear feedback and feedforward-feedback control strategies (conventional control strategies). Also, they are compared with those obtained by the sliding mode control strategy that considers in its state vector only structural displacements and velocities. It is shown that the proposed control strategy generally performs better than other control strategies in the higher range of control forces. For the lower range of control forces, conventional control strategies are more effective.