Modern roads as UNESCO World Heritage sites: framework and proposals

There has been noticeable development in the protection of linear infrastructure by UNESCO, whether on its cultural, technological or historical merits. However, with the exception of other means of transport incorporated within the field of industrial archaeology or recognised by the CIIC under the category of cultural routes, little or no consideration has been given to roads built from the mid-eighteenth century to the early part of the twentieth century. In view of this situation, this paper has the following aims. Firstly, to define the concept of ‘modern road’ and provide a brief analysis of the historical development and current situation of the same. Secondly, to assess the main contributions made to date regarding the heritage dimension of modern roads. Thirdly, to reconstruct the process of defining linear cultural landscapes, historic transportation corridors, cultural routes and heritage canals, railways and roads, in accordance with the considerations raised by ICOMOS and UNESCO. Finally, to contribute to the debate on the definition, characterisation and assessment of modern roads as world heritage assets, both intrinsically and in relation to established heritage categories.     

夏鲁寺部分壁画的汉地影响及其所在文化情境下的政治寓意

本文分析了藏区南部夏鲁寺集会殿门廊中,带有宋元时期舞台布景效果的龙凤戏珠纹图画,认为这是自13世纪以来,随着西藏贵族与元代朝廷政治关系的建立而来的汉地艺术影响的一个独特案例。作者将这种影响置于元朝政府与西藏的政治关系,以及尼泊尔纽瓦尔艺术风格的强大影响共同构成的特定的文化情境之下,且重点分析了绘于夏鲁寺早期整个门廊北壁带有汉地风格的壁画。     

Les corridors maritimes stratégiques dans l'Arctique canadien : un programme adapté au tourisme marin ?

The melting of summer sea ice in the Canadian Arctic allows for better accessibility and therefore increased development of marine tourism. This paper highlights a significant increase in cruise ships and pleasure craft in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago since the 1990s, especially in the strategic areas of the Lancaster Sound and southeast of Baffin Island. Based on spatial analysis, cruise ships and pleasure craft were mostly sailing inside the primary corridors and outside the secondary corridors; this is particularly obvious for the fourth secondary corridor of the western Arctic. Moreover, marine tourism activity related to cruise ships or pleasure craft occurred within a distance of 15 nautical miles and beyond the outer limit of a corridor, whether primary or secondary. The Northern Marine Transportation Corridors Initiative is an important tool to manage marine traffic in the Canadian Arctic and we need to continue to encourage its development through a multipartite approach and taking traditional Inuit knowledge into account.     

Transport corridors and their wider economic benefits: A quantitative review of the literature

Transport corridors can generate both wider economic benefits (WEBs) and costs through their effects on diverse development outcomes. To advance understanding of how corridors could generate WEBs, this paper undertakes a quantitative review and meta-analysis of the literature that estimates the impacts of large transport infrastructure projects. The analysis finds that characteristics of individual studies and the design of the transport infrastructure influence estimated benefits. It also shows that, on average, while corridor interventions tend to benefit economic welfare and equity, they often detrimentally impact the environment. To mitigate trade-offs, policymakers can consider using complementary interventions.     

萨迦-元时期尼藏与藏汉金属造像存在阿尼哥风格吗?

在《元史》、《造像量度经》中对阿尼哥的评价较高,但现存能明确认定属于阿尼哥制作、具有"阿尼哥风格"的作品却几乎没有。本文通过比较世界各地保存的13世纪中期至14世纪上半叶制作的造像和绘画,考证出其中一些作品具有"阿尼哥风格"。阿尼哥风格是在纽瓦尔风格的基础上,融合波罗印度、西藏以及汉地本土的因素,由阿尼哥及其工作团队共同创造而形成,具有独特的波罗风格与"藏式元代"风格相结合的特点。从萨迦寺经大都到夏鲁寺,阿尼哥风格在"尼藏"和"藏汉"之间形成了一个完美的传播轨迹。     

旅游度假区的景观生态设计思路

旅游度假区作为一种重要的旅游地,必须提供良好的服务设施和优越的生态环境背景。按景观生态的思路设计旅游度假区,对保持旅游度假区功能畅通、环境优美具有重要的意义,还能有效保护度假区及其周边重要的环境与资源,是旅游度假区开发成败的关键要素之一,因而具有重要的研究价值。论文从旅游度假区功能和结构分析入手,在提出旅游度假区景观生态设计的原理、原则以及目标的基础上,分别探讨了旅游度假区景观构成中的人工斑块、自然斑块和廊道的景观生态设计思路。提出人工斑块的设计要做到建筑与环境的契合、控制人工建筑物的高度和面积密度、保持人工建筑物的特色化和相对一致化、从景观产品的角度来规划设计建筑物;自然斑块的景观生态设计要做到保持足够比例的自然景观生态区域作为户外康体休闲活动场所;廊道的景观生态设计要做到引景道路、内部游径等的功能和景观效果的最佳状态,要以园林的设计思路来设计旅游度假区。