宋代县丞初探

县丞作为县内的副长官，主要是协助令长通管县事。宋代的县丞虽对前代有较多的继承，但仍有一定的时代特色。宋代县丞的废设与县内人口、县务等密切相关。县丞的职掌范围包括负责农田水利、坑冶、常平，协助令长处理狱讼、催督赋税等，同时还被委以其他任务被檄差出，但在实际操作过程中，这些职掌经常由于与令长的权力相冲突而被废弛。此外，县丞在宋代还具有监督群吏的职能，这在一定程度上使令长与佐贰官之间的关系复杂化。     

论刘锦棠出任新疆巡抚之原因

18 8 4年 11月 ,新疆开设行省 ,刘锦棠被清廷任命为新疆巡抚。刘锦棠之所以成为首任新疆巡抚 ,本文认为从客观上说 ,当时清朝统治者已严重依赖于汉族地主阶级 ;从主观上来看 ,是因为刘锦棠率军收复新疆失地 ,立下汗马功劳 ,他又曾参与新疆善后事务 ,而最重要的是 ,刘锦棠当时最了解新疆的实际 ,提出了比较切实可行的新疆建省方案。     

明代应天巡抚辖区考辨——兼论“飞地”承天府的归属

明代的应天巡抚,直接渊源自洪熙元年设于南直、浙江二省的巡抚。至宣德五年初设时,其辖区应为南直隶应天等十一府州,而非以往学界认为的仅辖苏州、松江、常州三府。正统间,因浙江巡抚的废置,加之出于综合督理太湖流域税粮、水利事务的需要,其辖区遂长期扩展至浙西杭州、嘉兴、湖州三府,统十四府州之地。湖广承天府在嘉靖十四年后一直属湖广巡抚辖区,从未隶应天巡抚管辖。学界所习称的嘉靖十四年至隆庆初应天巡抚一度辖有承天府这一“飞地”的说法,并不足以凭信。这一观点的产生,源于研究者受到了现行《明世宗实录》中相关记载的误导。     

‘Shrouded in Some Mystery’: The Governor General's Invitation and the 1983 Grenada Intervention

On 25 October 1983 the United States, supported by several Caribbean states, intervened militarily in the commonwealth Caribbean island of Grenada. Operation Urgent Fury followed the implosion of the Marxist-Leninist People's Revolutionary Government and execution of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several colleagues. This article examines the alleged request for external assistance made by the Grenadian governor general, Sir Paul Scoon. It will examine the discrepancies between Scoon's memoir account of the episode and the official record to reveal that Scoon made no such request. The origins of the request emerged from discussions between Caribbean and US officials and it was brought to fruition by the Barbadian prime minister, Tom Adams.     

李鸿章遗片保荐袁世凯说质疑

李鸿章的遗折证明,其中并无传统所说的保荐袁世凯继任直隶总督的内容。又有学者提出李是在遗折的附片中保荐袁世凯的。本文论证,清廷对袁世凯督直的任命,发表在收到李鸿章遗折之前,而且李鸿章遗折中根本没有保荐袁世凯之附片。袁世凯继李鸿章之后督直,是时势使然,无须借重李氏的保荐。     

Governor Stone: Analysis of an 1877 Two-masted Schooner from the Gulf of Mexico

This article details the historic preservation documentation and construction analysis of the 1877 American 2-masted schooner Governor Stone , a National Historic Landmark. Governor Stone 's construction reflects its intended use as a general freight and oyster schooner, and to a lesser degree its geographic origin along the Gulf of Mexico. While the physical environment of the Gulf Coast necessarily constrained the size of these vessels, 2-masted schooners of the Gulf Coast generally exhibit similarities with their contemporary functional equivalents of other American regions rather than stylistic elements unique to their geography.
© 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society     

明代中晚期南赣巡抚辖区及职权演变——以广东平远设县争端为中心

明弘治年间朝廷在赣州设立南赣巡抚加强对南岭山区的动乱治理。南赣巡抚下辖跨越四个布政司的广阔巡抚辖区,看起来辖区广阔,职权却为中央限制,施政常受阻碍。嘉靖末年,南赣巡抚为加强动乱治理与拓展施政空间,提议在邻省广东设立新县划入江西赣州府,此举立刻引起广东官员集体反对。虔粤双方此后围绕平远设县事宜展开争夺。以该次设县争端为中心,通过梳理南赣巡抚在明代中后期为了打破施政困局的种种努力,讨论明代中晚期南赣巡抚的巡抚辖区以及职权的演变情况。