民俗、社区与文化:燕京大学社会学的本土化探索

由许仕廉、吴文藻、赵承信等领军的燕大社会学,一直有着本土化的学术自觉。在此探索与实践历程中,先行引入的孙末楠以民俗,尤其是以德型为核心的社会学说,影响深远。在吴文藻那里,社会学的民俗与民俗学的民俗有了级差,并影响到其社区社会学的建设,其指导的毕业论文有了重释风俗、礼俗与民俗的尝试。在"吴门四犬"中,现今湮没无闻的黄迪对孙末楠学说进行了最为系统的诠释。受孙末楠学说的影响,与瞿同祖一道,黄迪对民俗进行了社会学释义,并化用本尼迪克特的"文化模式",与林耀华同期提出"文化重心"这一概念。在燕大社会学实验室平郊村的研究中,与把社区研究等同于社会学调查的赵承信等一道,黄迪将社区-功能论夯实,并强调家、村、镇等不同阶序社区的连带性、一体性。由此,德型、社区与文化也就成为燕大社会学本土化历程中的三个重要面相,并使其有着厚重的民俗学基底。     

燕园怀旧两篇

一、裴文中先生与史前陈列馆 中国史前考古学的奠基人、北京猿人头盖骨化石的发现者裴文中先生（１９０４年～１９８２年）,于２０世纪４０年代曾两度应聘到燕京大学历史系任教,讲授史前考古学,并筹建史前陈列馆。这在中国考古学史上,也是富有历史意义的两件创举,今就这两个方面作一些记述。 裴先生于１９４０年秋季到校,在历史系讲授史前考古学,这是他从法国留学归来后的首次开设,在我国大学课程中也是首创。听课人数较多,主要有两位代表：一位是成思元先生（毕业后在成都华西大学博物馆任职,已去世）;另一位是我国著名考古学家…     

A College Student's Rural Journey: Early Sociology and Anthropology in China Seen through Fieldwork on Sichuan's Secret Society

This paper focuses on the investigators of rural society in the Republican period,specifically research made through fieldwork on the Gowned Brothers (or,Paoge) in 1940s Sichuan.It takes up one such investigator,Shen Baoyuan—a student at Yenching University;her youthful work never became published or recognized.The present study reveals how the pioneers of Chinese sociology and anthropology,who called themselves "rural activists," tried to understand rural China.It argues that the developments in those fields in China of the 1920s and 1940s made it possible for us today to have a better understanding of the contemporary rural problems.The investigators played an important role in the Rural Construction and Rural Education Movements in Republican China.They show us how Western sociology and anthropology were localized in order to answer "Chinese questions" and to solve "Chinese problems." As source material,these investigations have given us rich records,which in turn have become precious sources and historical memories of rural China's past.