Emerging vacuums of strategic planning: an exploration of reforms in Finnish spatial planning

The paper offers a theory-based evaluation of the ongoing reforms in the Finnish spatial planning regime. The paper argues that Finnish planning is moving in a reactive and market-driven direction. This development is not being brought about solely through a direct decrease in public discretionary powers in planning, but is also unfolding indirectly through a process of rescaling in the spatial planning regime. These processes increase municipal autonomy in relation to other planning scales, despite problems observed in the municipality-centred market-driven planning orientation. The resulting reduction in manoeuvring room in public planning is conceptualized in the paper as expanding vacuums of strategic planning. Building on concepts from the literature on state transformation theory and scale theory, the paper draws together theoretical and empirical conclusions from several case studies conducted in close-to-administration projects.     

青海汉代漆奁的脱水报告

采用聚乙二醇滴渗喷涂、真空冷冻干燥等浸饱水漆木器的脱水处理方法,对北方干燥地区槽朽漆木器进行了脱水保存。处理后器物尺寸稳定,色泽良好,保持了原貌。     

古陶瓷完整器元素成分无损分析的实现（二）——设备改建和定量分析方法

为了真正实现古陶瓷完整器的元素成分无损分析,就要建造能容纳常规大小古陶瓷样品的真空靶室,以及建立弯曲表面古陶瓷的定量分析方法。本文报道了本实验室QuanX型能谱仪真空靶室改造的整体设计和加工,以及针对弯曲表面古陶瓷样品定量分析的处理方法。大量的测量工作表明所改装的能谱仪完全适应古陶瓷完整器的元素成分无损分析的需要,同时证明古陶瓷样品在较低真空条件下的测量分析是完全无损的;所提出表面弯曲古陶瓷的定量分析处理方法具有简便易行,精确度较高的特点。     

透明类珠宝文物修复技术的研究

透明类珠宝文物修复是当前文物修复保护的难题之一。由于该类文物透明度较高,因此对修复精度以及修复材料的透明度、渗透性等方面提出更高的要求。与之相对的是,当前透明类珠宝文物修复的研究较少,其修复往往仅是简单拼接,缺少一种可行的高精度修复方法和相应的修复材料。在文物修复理念的指导下,本工作以多种修复材料为样本,进行科学的模拟试验。从对接紧密度、透明度、渗透性等角度对修复材料进行多次测试评估后发现,Hxtal NYL-1(海克斯塔)的效果最为理想。而后,通过对比和研究当前破损文物的高精度修复方法,结合透明类珠宝文物特性,设计出一套以负压法原理为基础的透明类珠宝文物修复方法。这种方法能够强化修复材料的渗透能力,解决粘接、补配中的定位问题,通过研磨膏的打磨、抛光,能够进一步消除修复痕迹。最后,将这种修复方法和相应的修复材料成功应用于一件合浦汉墓出土的水晶、绿柱石串饰的修复,并达到了预期的修复效果,进一步验证了这种透明类珠宝文物修复方法的可行性和科学性。     

John Locke on Native Right,Colonial Possession,and the Concept of Vacuum domicilium

The early paragraphs of John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government (1690) describe a poetic idyll of property acquisition widely supposed by contemporary theorists and historians to have cast the template for imperial possessions in the New World. This reading ignores the surprises lurking in Locke’s later chapters on conquest, usurpation, and tyranny, where he affirms that native rights to lands and possessions survive to succeeding generations. Locke warned his readers that this “will seem a strange doctrine, it being quite contrary to the practice of the world.” His doctrine of native right is equally strange to recent scholars who see in Lockean theory the ideological prototype for England’s colonial expropriation in the “vacant lands” of North America. This interpretation, dignified by the elusive principle of vacuum domicilium, is considerably weakened when Locke’s arguments are placed in the historical context of the sixteenth and early seventeenth-century English colonial experience. Locke’s Second Treatise, with its literary flourish of a vast and idyllic state of nature, was written in the full appreciation of Amerindian agriculture, its established populations, the acknowledgement of native property rights, and the policy and practice of purchasing land from the native inhabitants.     

纸张DEZ气相脱酸应用研究

通过 DEZ 对酸性纸进行脱酸应用的研究,考核了真空处理器的性能,筛选了处理工艺条件(真空度、温度、处理时间、DEZ 投放量及其关系等).确定了最佳的参数:真空度不低于13.33 Pa;温度控制在60C 左右;DEZ 投入量为需脱酸纸张重量的2％即可得到脱酸的效果。2m~3真空处理器的设计合理.适应 DEZ 气相脱酸的要求,容量大,一次能处理5000册杂志,除了能完成脱酸外,还能消毒、杀虫,具有多功能的特点。DEZ 对酸性纸脱酸有较宽的适应性,能对各种质地、成册的图书进行脱酸中和,pH 值均在中性偏碱范围,证实了 DEZ 气相脱酸的优越性能,为保护文化遗产,提供了一种新的手段和方法。     

严重朽蚀饱水竹简的真空冷冻干燥研究

１９９４年我馆陆续抢救了一批流落散失在境外具历史价值的战国竹简,这批竹简的相对含水率达８１．５％,严重朽蚀,有些已散成竹丝状。针对这一特点,本文运用了醇醚法中的部分工艺和真空冷冻干燥原理相结合的脱水方法,采用的ＧＸ－ＰＶＢ－ｔ－ＢｕＯＨ混合预处理溶液分子量小,粘度低,溶液呈中性,可任意配制浓度,用该溶液处理后的严重朽蚀饱水竹简,真空冷冻干燥后,脱水定形效果良好。该方法无需高真空设备,具有处理周期短,处理后竹简色泽自然等特点。除此之外,本文还研究了这批竹材的归属,变色原因,扭曲整形,竹筒上朱砂印记的保存等方面问题。