Übersicht der Tätigkeit internationaler Geographenkongresse auf dem Gebiete der Geschichte der Kartographie

Abstract

This paper surveys the career of Benedetto Bordon as a miniaturist, designer of woodcuts, and cartographer. Although from Padua, Bordon worked primarily in Venice where he illuminated religious and classical texts and official ducal documents destined for Venetian noblemen. The writer argues that Bordon designed woodcut illustrations for books printed by Aldus Manutius and others, in addition to the woodcut maps in his 1528 book on islands in the MediteiTanean, Atlantic, and Caribbean. Bordon's lost world map of 1508 is discussed in relation to the map‐making activities of Francesco Rosselli, the Florentine miniaturist and engraver who was in Venice in 1504 and 1508, and in relation to a circle of Venetian scholars and patricians interested in Ptolemy's Cosmographia and in the mapping of the New World.     

试论祭祀卜辞中的数字观

本主要考察甲骨祭祀卜辞中的祭牲数量,通过对这些数字的统计,根据某些数字出现的频率的不同,试图探讨商人的思维观念。     

中国史前龟文化研究综论

本文主要从史前龟甲器的用途、龟灵崇拜的内涵、龟卜文化三个方面对目前中国龟文化的研究现状进行梳理,在此基础上对中国龟文化今后的研究提出了一些看法.     

颛顼“绝地天通”与凌家滩“龟卜”

颛顼"绝地天通"历来被视为原始宗教的重大改革,从文献学、民族学角度来解读具有丰富的内涵。根据考古材料论定龙山文化时期骨卜的普化暗合"绝地天通"所反映的巫觋功能的专门化。这就科学确定了"绝地天通"的年代学意义。而含山凌家滩玉龟和玉版"龟卜"的种种迹象,说明在接近颛顼时代之前",原始八卦"也已经基本定型。     

古代谶纬的机缘巧合及在钱币中之妙用

谶纬,是中国古代文化中的一种现象,有着悠久的历史。即:把自然界中发生的偶然事件而神秘化,并用诡秘的隐语、预言作为神的启示,将其视为预示社会安危的决定因素,以告人政事,或昭示国运的兴衰。亦是方士或巫师假借神明来说吉凶祸福的征兆。其中,表现在对钱币的运用上尤为突出,足见其产生的影响。     

1. DECENTERING HISTORY: LOCAL STORIES AND CULTURAL CROSSINGS IN A GLOBAL WORLD

This essay was first presented at the 2010 Ludwig Holberg Prize Symposium in Bergen, Norway, where I, as the prize recipient, was asked to describe my work and its import for our period of globalization. The essay first traces the interconnected processes of “decentering” history in Western historiography in the half century after World War II: the move to working people and “subaltern classes”; to women and gender; to communities defined by ethnicity and race; to the study of non‐Western histories and world or global history, in which the European trajectory is only one of several models. Can the historian hold onto the subjects of “decentered” social and cultural history, often local and full of concrete detail, and still address the perspectives of global history? To suggest an answer to this question, I describe my own decentering path from work on sixteenth‐century artisans in the 1950s to recent research on non‐European figures such as the Muslim “Leo Africanus” (Hasan al‐Wazzan). I then offer two examples in which concrete cases can serve a global perspective. One is a comparison of the literary careers of Ibn Khaldun and Christine de Pizan in the scribal cultures on either side of the Mediterranean in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries. The other is the transmission and transformation of practices of divination, healing, and detection from Africa to the slave communities of Suriname in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.     

唐代星变的占卜意义对宰臣政治生涯的影响

由于传统的天命观念在唐代皇帝和宰辅大臣的思想意识中仍然起着作用,所以不论是“荧惑犯上相”还是日食的发生以及流星的出现,它们都具有预测宰辅大臣政治命运的特殊功能。于是,星变的发生就与唐代大臣的乞退行为形成了一定的因果关系;与两汉相比,唐代对于星变的认识有较大提高。但唐代社会中仍盛行着较为浓厚的星占风气。     

楚人卜筮概述

本以楚地出土的实物(卜骨、卜甲)与字(楚简)材料为基础,结合相关历史献与已有研究成果,对楚人的卜筮规则与相关程式进行了综合探讨。认为楚人的卜筮基本上与商周卜筮保持了较大的一致性,其损益变通处,则与周代更为接近。在卜筮规则与程式上,仍然因袭商周传统,并无多少创新。楚人的出土资料,更多的是在为周人典籍作印证与补充。     

汴京卜肆与摩尼教神像入闽

明代何乔远的《闽书》记载了北宋至道(公元995—997年)中,怀安士人李廷裕以五十千钱购摩尼佛像于开封卜肆一事。本文通过对该条史料的解读,并综合汴京卜肆及唐宋时期中国摩尼教的流传情况,认为李氏可能于开封相国寺卜肆中购得此摩尼佛像,它实为一画像而非塑像。该画像可能作为此后明教神像的原型,在东南摩尼教会中流传开来,由宋到元,在经历佛化、道化的同时,最终演变成了塑像。