中国钴着色材料的分类和来源

中国历史上的钴显色材料有颜料、玻璃、陶瓷釉。花绀青、钴蓝属历史颜料;钴显色蓝色玻璃可能始于西汉;钴显色蓝色陶瓷釉始于战国陶胎釉珠,唐朝唐三彩陶瓷釉发展成多个品种。钴显色材料有国产钴土矿类和进口Smalt类。原料矿中带入的锰、铁、镍、砷、铋等杂质对色彩有一定影响。     

From Byzantine to post-Byzantine art: the painting technique of St Stephen's wall paintings at Meteora,Greece

The old katholikon of St Stephen's monastery at the Meteora (site of the most important complex of monasteries in Greece after Mount Athos) is decorated with wall paintings that date from the beginning of 17th century. In terms of style, the artistic ensemble is altogether characteristic of the period. The painting technique has been examined by means of μRaman and μFTIR spectroscopies, gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).