义和团运动时期河南省河北道筹防局个案研究

义和团运动时期,河南省河北道曾设筹防局,意在协助阻止八国侵略联军南下及经豫西上,维持地区稳定.在道员岑春荣主持下,很快募成乡勇六营.该团成立之初,以“假团“名义查拿义和团,后多次枪杀义和团民,与清政府借“假团“分化、打击义和团不谋而合.     

江苏徐州市徐州卫遗址水井发掘简报

徐州卫遗址位于徐州市中心彭城广场东侧,西距彭城路100米,北到大同街(图一),为明代徐州卫官署所在地。徐州市博物馆于2004年11月6日至2005年9月对该遗址进行了抢救性考古发掘。该遗址文化层深约3米,厚约5米。从上至下依次为明代     

Liberated from the Liberator: Frederick Douglass and Garrisonian Political Theology

I argue that Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison held very different political theologies, even while they seemed to work productively together from 1841 to 1847. Examining Douglass's self-presentation on both sides of his split with Garrison, I conclude that he stifled his Christian moral vision in order to comply with Garrisonian theological ideals while working in New England. After moving to Rochester, New York, Douglass was free to give full voice to his authentic Christian political vision. I explore their differing approaches to the Bible's authority, theological anthropology, and the moral permissibility of force, which influenced their political responses to slavery. Scholars such as John Stauffer and John Sekora have argued that his departure facilitated esthetic and racial forms of emancipation for Douglass; I argue that leaving Garrison allowed Douglass to express not only his authentic literary and black identities, but his true Christian identity as well.