格尔木盐湖化工产业集群发展研究

产业集群的发展壮大是提升城市竞争力的最有效途径。本文对格尔木盐湖化工产业集群的发展阶段进行了初步判断,在此基础上,分析了格尔木盐湖化工产业集群的发展状况,提出了加快发展产业集群的具体对策建议。     

构建环青海湖少数民族循环经济示范区之我见

本文依据循环经济的理念,结合环青海湖地区经济社会发展的实际和特点,提出了建设环湖少数民族循环经济示范区的重要意义、发展目标及其措施。     

历史时期射阳湖演变模式研究

射阳湖历史上曾是江苏境内著名的大湖。历史时期,湖区经历了浅水海湾—古泻湖—淡水湖泊—沼泽性湖泊—平原沼泽的演变模式。春秋以前,本区是里下河浅水海湾的一部分;春秋至唐代,本区由古泻湖逐步演变为淡水湖;南宋以来,1128年黄河夺淮以后,大量泥沙进入本区,湖区淤积迅速,成为沼泽性湖泊,加之人类开发活动的深刻影响,射阳湖逐渐演变为里下河平原的一部分。     

条件价值法评估旅游资源游憩价值的效度检验——以杭州西湖风景名胜区为例

运用条件价值法评估资源的经济价值,假想市场的构建使得评估的信度和效度备受质疑。早在20年前,发达国家关于条件价值法的相关研究已从实施实验、报告内容和结果,向检验结果的信度和效度方向转变。国内旅游资源研究的相关领域,对条件价值法信度和效度的关注非常罕见。文章以杭州西湖风景名胜区为个案,运用条件价值法进行游憩价值评估,并进一步聚焦评估效度的深入探讨。条件价值法的评估结果表明:杭州西湖风景名胜区2012年的游憩价值为7.14亿元。效度检验结果表明:杭州西湖风景名胜区的意愿调查具有良好的内容效度;与运用旅行费用区间分析法的评估结果566.04亿元相比,两者并不具备良好的收敛效度,前者的评估结果明显偏低;建构效度检验说明杭州西湖风景名胜区的意愿调查结果部分可以从经济学角度得到解释。     

Meteorological influences on the spatial and temporal variability of NO2 in Toronto and Hamilton

The spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations and their relationships with meteorology was evaluated in the Toronto–Hamilton urban airshed. NO₂ concentrations were highest in the early morning and late evening. Mean concentrations were highest in winter, although individual one-hour NO₂ concentrations were found to be highest in summer. Wind direction was the strongest control on hourly NO₂ concentration, and temperature and wind speed also had an effect. Our analysis of NO₂ concentration variation by wind direction showed that areas downwind of major highways, urban centres and industry were exposed to higher pollutant concentrations. Seasonal patterns of NO₂ concentration displayed significant spatial heterogeneity, in particular, in Toronto. Onshore winds sheltered coastal inhabitants from the full extent of NO₂ exposure they would otherwise experience. Seasonal variations in meteorology and emissions mean that the degree of spatial variability in NO₂ concentrations changes from season to season. This study will help to improve existing land-use regression-based NO₂ prediction models by incorporating meteorological controls on NO₂ distributions for health effect studies.     

洞庭湖湿地景观特征与农业产业化模式研究

洞庭湖湿地是我国最大的淡水湖泊湿地景观生态系统之一,湿地农业资源丰富,农业开发历史悠久,生产化水平较高,是我国重要的农业商品基地。由于过去长期受传统耕作方式的影响,农业产业化程度较低,农业经济发展缓慢;本文根据洞庭湖湿地景观特征,对洞庭湖湿地农业资源和湿地农业开发现状进行了评价和分析,指出了湿地农业开发中存在的问题,提出了洞庭湖湿地农业产业化开发利用模式,以实现洞庭湖湿地农业经济的飞速发展。     

Farmer-fishermen: interior lake fishing and inter-cultural and intra-cultural relations among coastal and interior Sámi communities in northern Sweden AD 1200–1600

Although the productive fishing grounds had long attracted the Crown and the Church to northern Sweden, it was not until the sixteenth century that the judicial and fiscal powers of the Swedish Crown were exercised in full. Records show that the regular fishing in interior lakes formed a prominent enterprise among coastal farmer communities. This paper examines the social and economic context of farmers engaged in interior fishing with respect to the internal organization of village communities, principles of private and collective ownership, land-use strategies and inter-community relations. There are no a-priori assumptions about the coastal population being “Swedish”. Instead of applying ethnonyms, the terms “farmer” and “coastal” are used throughout the paper. The main area of investigation includes the coastal area of northernmost Sweden and the western parts of Finnish Lapland. The study shows that interior lakes fitted into village resource areas, long sanctioned by usage, and that usufruct belonged to village members collectively. A large part of the fishing lakes are situated in interior Sámi territory. Fishermen were internalizing Sámi place names, implying close relations between the groups. Archeological investigations point to subsistence strategies including systemic interior lake fishing being established before AD 1200. The authors propose that coastal and interior communities should be perceived as two economic strategies representing indigenous and pre-colonial land-use schemes.     

特大型风景名胜区居民社会调控雏议——以青海湖国家重点风景名胜区为例

针对青海湖国家重点风景名胜区这一特大型风景名胜区的生态及社会经济地位和作用,综合分析了其社会发展的现状特点及存在问题。在此基础上,对青海湖国家重点风景名胜区内的居民社会调控问题进行了初步研究。提出了风景名胜区优化城镇及乡村居民点体系、加强经营管理、健全社会组织、分区分类实施居民社会调控的基本思路和主要措施。从而为特大型风景名胜区的居民社会调控以及景源保护与开发、经济社会发展、生态环境建设探索有效的途径。     

Bangalore Lake story: reflections on the spirit of a place

This article is based on an ethnographic case study conducted during a small project on the public-private development of lakes in Bangalore. Using conceptualizations of place and implacement as developed by scholars such as Casey and Anderson, this article unpacks the relationship between sociopolitical processes and modification of landscape during the implementation of a public–private partnership lake development project of Hebbal Lake. The disappearance of designated places along the lakeshore that are accessible to different users tends to favor a monoculture of consumer experiences, which can be seen as a hidden form of displacement of other users. I suggest that by physically modifying the “places” on the lakeshore that once supported multiple human-geographical interactions, certain people can experience displacement even if they are allowed to access the lake.     

Lake Dwellings in Baden-Württemberg. Conservation Projects In Situ at Lake Constance and the Federsee Moor

The Baden-Württemberg shoreline of Lake Constance and the lakes and moors of Upper Swabia contain important prehistoric wetland sites. From 1979, new research has brought up not only important finds and scientific results but also increasing information about bank erosion in the lakes and desiccation in the moorlands. At Lake Constance, early attempts were made in the 1980s to protect sites threatened by erosion by covering them with geo-textile and gravel. With further protective projects the know-how improved, but crucial questions still remained: What are the best practical solutions? How about ecological compatibility? Do we have other options? The INTERREG IV 2008–2011 international project ‘Erosion and Archaeological Heritage Protection in Lake Constance and Lake Zurich’ brought deeper insights and opened the field for new experiments with protective measures. At the Federsee Moor a long-term project started in 1980 with close collaboration between nature conservation and archaeological heritage management. With archaeological stocktaking, acquisition of land, establishment of new nature reserves, exchange of landholding and hydrographic engineering, the project was completed with the help of European Union funding by LIFE+in 2013.