昆明市保障性住区居民就业空间特征及其收入效应分析

保障性住房建设解决了大量城市低收入家庭的住房问题,但大多区位偏远、交通不便,远离城市就业中心,导致低收入人群的通勤成本上升,进而对其就业和收入产生影响。本研究以昆明市为样本城市,选取廉租房、公租房和经适房3类保障性住区,利用通勤距离、通勤时间、通勤方式、工作地点等指标,从居住-就业空间匹配角度,揭示保障性住区居民就业空间特征;并通过建立包含空间虚拟变量的多元回归方程,揭示了保障性住区居民就业空间特征对其收入的影响。     

Scalar Structure-Specific Ground Motion Intensity Measures for Assessing the Seismic Performance of Structures: A Review

The assessment of the seismic performance depends on the choice of the earthquake Intensity Measure (IM). During the past years many IMs, which take into account not only earthquake characteristics but also structural information, have been proposed. However, no consensus on which IM is the best predictor of the seismic response exists. Along these lines, the objective of this paper is to present the various developed scalar structure-specific seismic IMs and the problems associated with their use in practice, so that the engineer may become familiar with them and their implications in the context of Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering.     

空间错位理论研究进展与方法论评述

空间错位理论是西方城市地理和城市规划研究的重要理论基础之一,自上世纪60年代提出以来引发了大量关注弱势群体居住和就业空间机会的实证研究。近年来中国城市快速空间重构背景下的职住分离现象也引起学者关注。本文首先回顾了空间错位假设的提出背景、基本假设和主要实证研究结论,重点评述了近年来美国空间错位实证研究的方法论进展及主要挑战,在此基础上探讨了空间错位理论对转型期中国城市空间重构研究的借鉴意义。     

Employability of German Geography Graduates: The Mismatch between Knowledge Acquired and Competences Required

The employability of university graduates is a concern in higher education as labour markets change more and more rapidly. This is of particular relevance for multi-faceted subjects such as geography. Studies on employability have to consider to what degree a university education helps graduates start a career. The results of a survey of 257 geography graduates of JLU (Justus Liebig University) Giessen, Germany, indicate that the traditional curricula did not necessarily prepare German geographers adequately for their jobs. The graduates possess more knowledge than required but lack important competences and transferable skills that the job market demands. This may be partly remedied by the introduction of project-oriented classes.     

国内外城市居民职住空间关系研究进展和展望

城市居民职住空间关系是指城市居民居住地和工作地之间的社会空间关系,是城市空间结构的重要研究内容。体制转型时期中国城市居民职住空间关系正在经历着翻天覆地的变化。本文主要从职住空间关系研究学派、职住空间平衡和城市通勤、居住选择和居住空间分异等方面对国内外相关研究进行述评,认为国内相关研究应注重社会调查,加强个体层面的研究,从体制转型和个体社会经济特征等角度寻求城市居民职住空间关系及其演化的形成机制,并注重特殊群体,如外来人口、城市贫困人口和原单位制社区居民等社会群体的职住空间关系和社会空间后果研究。     

Cartographic conflicts within a union: Finding land for Nagaland in India

Colonial-era borders continue to be sites of intra- and inter-national territorial conflicts across the Indian Sub-continent. The State of Nagaland in North East India has been witness to one of the oldest armed struggles in the region to redraw colonial borders. The Nagaland government finds itself sandwiched between an irredentist insurgency and the union government. This paper examines the cartographic-statistical fallout of the Nagaland government's balancing act that is reflected in, among other things, the diversity of conflicting maps published by different tiers and wings of the government. The paper suggests that the cartographic/territorial conflicts between Nagaland and its neighbouring states are driven by the use of political-geographic arguments to advance political-economic interests along contested borders. These conflicts are not amenable to a technical resolution as they are rooted in the as yet inconclusive search for a stable basis for Naga identity and the ongoing dispute over Nagaland's place within the Union of India. Nagaland's borders are, in fact, sites of collision of different conceptions of nationhood (Indian and Naga) and understandings of constitutional federalism. The union government tolerates Nagaland's parchment transgressions and occasional physical “encroachments.” Its cartographic laxity is motivated by the need to avoid a strictly legalistic approach that would necessitate the use of force to implement a singular, exclusive solution to protracted territorial disputes involving several states.     

我国旅游资源、区位和入境旅游收入的空间错位分析

旅游资源和区位是影响区域入境旅游发展的两大基本要素。本文以我国大陆31个省区为区域研究单元,借用重力模型和二维组合矩阵方法,分析了旅游资源、区位和入境旅游收入三者之间的空间错位现象。结果发现：（1）区位指数和入境旅游收入指数重心偏向我国东部地区,旅游资源丰度指数重心偏向中西部地区;（2）资源与收入、区位与收入、资源与区位三组二维组合关系均存在明显的空间错位,可以将这种二维组合关系划分为五种类型来描述各省区的旅游发展现状。     

北京都市区就业空间分异与职住空间错位行业识别

城市就业空间分异与职住空间错位是反映城市空间结构特征且存在密切联系的两项重要议题。分析了北京都市区就业空间分异特征，识别了对职住空间错位影响显著的行业。结果表明：①从城市中心向外延伸，分布产业高度具有显著的梯度性和圈层结构特征；②就业行业空间分布可分为四种类型：中心城区集中就业的高端商业和生产性服务业，中心城区为主近郊区集聚就业的文化科技型服务业，近郊就业为主的传统服务业和生活服务业，远郊就业为主的保障性服务业和生产制造业；③批发和零售业，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业，金融业，居民服务、修理和其他服务业及教育业等五大行业对北京都市区职住空间错位影响显著。     

基于高斯两步移动搜索法的沈阳市就业可达性评价

将高斯两步移动搜索方法引入到就业可达性测度研究中,在证明方法有效性的同时,也对研究案例沈阳市中心城区的就业可达性空间格局、形成机理进行了分析,并提出相应的调控策略。结果显示,沈阳市中心城区的就业可达性在空间上并非均匀分布,而是呈现为明显的中心-外围格局。形成这一格局的机理有:①单中心的城市形态;②城市规划的功能性布局;③居住的郊区化;④旧城改造与政策性住房;⑤地理要素的空间阻隔。提出用足规划手段促进产业与人口均衡化布局、旧城改造与政策性住房的合理落位、完善城市交通,破除路径障碍与培育多中心城市空间结构等调控策略。