L’enfance comme figure compassionnelle: étude transversale de l’iconographie de la famine aux dix-neuvième et vingtième siècles

Despite the growing interest in the use of child images in humanitarian contexts in the last few years, there has been no transverse study of the iconography of famines in contemporary times. On the contrary, this iconography has been analysed in a scattered way, in disciplinary boundaries that prevent a more global understanding of the birth and use of these images. By comparing the approaches of the history of humanitarianism and childhood, as well as of social photography and media analysis, the purpose of this article is to show that visuals of starving children eventually find their roots at the end of the nineteenth century, at a time when charitable organisations are using photography as a tool to mobilise civil society and governments as well as to internationalise the humanitarian response. This analysis of Western visual strategies and media mobilisations throughout the twentieth century helps to put into perspective the so-called rupture between a first and a second age of humanitarianism. It shows first how young generations have become a privileged form of representation since the nineteenth century, using an aesthetic universe that is morally compelling; then, later, how the depoliticisation of the victim’s figure engages a political message.     

祥符《州县图经》再探

宋真宗祥符初,李宗谔等人受命纂成《州县图经》一千五百余卷,并陆续缮写了五至六部藏于中央各机构,又另外缮抄一部,颁下诸州军。这部图经体例结构上采取了分述各州的模式,而各州部分,则先记州治,后记属县,同时在门目设置上也比较科学。内容方面,在总结前代经验的基础上,《州县图经》普遍设立名宦传,使这一类目从个别走向普遍。同时,编纂理念上,主修者首次明确将图经视为史书,要求以史学方法指导编纂。     

顾颉刚先生在西北

“七七事变”后,顾颉刚接受管理中英庚子赔款董事会的委托,考察设计西北教育。考察设计工作告一段落后,顾颉刚深入考察了河、湟、洮、岷地区的民族社会,并在发展西北民族教育、民族经济、民族关系等方面提出了独到的见解和有益的建议。