汉代彩绘的回贴修复研究

针对出土的汉代生漆彩绘和胶料彩绘的破损状况,用自行研制的增塑剂(SC1,主要成分为水性环氧及有机锡),加固剂(水性氟),胶粘剂(环氧树脂与聚酰胺及508的混合物),对生漆彩绘耳杯进行回贴修复;用显现加固剂(508及有机氟材料)对西汉兵马俑胶料彩绘进行显现加固,然后采用水性氟试剂作为胶粘剂进行回贴。两类彩绘的回贴效果理想,说明这种新型的回贴技术可以应用于文物彩绘修复。     

青海喇家遗址出土人骨的现场保护

为保护青海省民和县喇家村史前灾难遗址现场,对4座房址中出土的21具人骨进行了原地的加固和保护。根据人骨的保存状况及其埋藏环境的调查情况,在加固材料对比实验的基础上,选取三甲树脂的二甲苯和丙酮(溶剂体积比6：4)的混合溶液,采用多次缓慢滴注的办法进行加固处理。结果表明,滴渗法对脆弱的骨头具有良好的加固效果。     

Towards the identification of dyestuffs in Early Iron Age Scandinavian peat bog textiles

A large systematic dye investigation of prehistoric Danish and Norwegian bog textiles was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detection. After the selection of the most suitable protocol for dye extraction and HPLC analysis for this specific group of archaeological samples, the second part included the characterisation of the dyes detected in the whole series of the Early Iron Age textiles and the interpretation of the dyeing technology. Natural organic dyes were found from the three main categories of natural dyes, hence throwing new light on the use of biological dye sources in Early Iron Age Scandinavia. The results clearly indicate that most Scandinavian peat bog textiles originally were dyed and that already during the 1st millennium BC, the populations in Scandinavia were familiar with the dyeing technology.     

Towards an early warning system for oxidative degradation of protein fibres in historical tapestries by means of calibrated amino acid analysis

Flemish 15–17th century tapestries are among the most precious testimonies of European cultural heritage. Even in their deteriorated condition, they are still highly valued and exhibited in many museums all over the world. The present state of degradation evidenced by visual assessment in conservation practice, and confirmed with macro-scaled tensile strength tests, reveals the vulnerability of the wool and silk fibres to light exposure.     

Seismic Rotational Displacements of Gravity Quay Walls Considering Excess Pore Pressure in Backfill Soils

The effect of excess pore pressure developed in backfill soil during earthquake is an important consideration in rotational displacement prediction of gravity quay walls. Based on Newmark’s sliding block concept and stress-based excess pore pressure model, a new method is proposed to predict the critical rotational acceleration and angular acceleration time histories considering the development process of excess pore pressure in earthquake events. Then, the rotational displacement of gravity quay walls is predicted according to the calculated angular acceleration time histories. By using the proposed method, the effects of various parameters involved in the calculation have been studied by carrying out a parameter study. Analysis results reveal that the influence of excess pore pressure on the rotational displacement of gravity quay walls with saturated backfill soil is significant, so, can not be ignored; and rotational displacement is sensitive to the magnitude of earthquake, horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations of ground motion, wall and soil friction angle, and soil relative density. When the rotation and sliding of wall occur simultaneously, rotation and sliding will be inhibited by each other.     

Practical surveying in schools

Analysis of detailed geomorphological mapping enables a sequence of glacial events to be established. An ice sheet whose source was to the west of the area of study is shown, by the suites of fluvioglacial landforms produced, to have down‐wasted in situ; meltwaters escaped beneath or through the ice, moving uphill across certain areas. Finally, a sub‐aerial drainage system was established and outwash terraces were spread down valley.     

中国人理想景观模式与寺庙园林环境

文章探讨中国人理想景观模式的形成及结构特征,认为中国人理想景观模式是中国文化生态经验对隐蔽和探索结构的强化,景观审美感受上以神秘隐幽为主;中国寺庙园林是这种景观理想的物化,其园林环境和建筑布局都表达了中国人对理想景观模式的追求;作为中国人文旅游资源的重要组成部分,寺庙园林在旅游开发中必须突出其文化内涵,营造氛围,使游客体味它的深层次的美。     

现代测绘技术在古建烫样数字化项目中的应用

烫样是研究清代皇家建筑的珍贵文物,为配合文物信息数字化工作的开展,针对烫样数据的采集和处理方法进行了深入研究。在综合考虑多种数据采集方法的特点及烫样数字化记录的难点后,选择使用手持式三维扫描仪与多视角三维重建技术相结合的方式来进行烫样的基础数据采集,并通过实践总结出了一套完整的数据采集和处理工作流程。与此同时,针对成果可能的应用方式做了些许尝试,且为数据的后期维护与进一步利用拟定了数据管理系统的建设方案。     

土遗址防风化加固材料的研制及加固性能比较研究

本文用简单易行的方法将正硅酸乙酯进行预聚合,用盐酸作催化剂,待反应完毕后,在用乙二胺将PH值调节至微碱性,得到的预聚物呈无色透明液体。用此预聚物加固室内重塑土样,通过各种测试手段,如加固前后重量变化、渗透速度、空隙率变化、颜色变化、透气性变化、PH值以及盐蚀、冻融、高温高湿试验后的抗压强度等,并与PS材料、硅丙非水分散体、正硅酸乙酯和Remmers加固的标准土样进行各项性能的比较试验,结果表明:正硅酸乙酯预聚物加固后的土样各项性能都比较理想,能满足土遗址保护的要求。     

用羧甲基纤维素封护法加固龙门石窟擂鼓台南洞一尊宝冠佛像的研究

龙门石窟擂鼓台南洞部分佛像风化开裂严重,为了有效地保护这些佛像,探讨微裂隙造像加固封护的方法,采用羧甲基纤维素封护法对其中一尊开裂严重的宝冠佛像进行了试验性加固。结果表明,用这种材料进行封护不仅能够满足微裂隙造像加固的需要,而且操作简便,安全性好,是一种可行的加固封护方法。