Assessment and Significance of a World War II battle site: recording the USS Emmons using a High‐Resolution DEM combining Multibeam Bathymetry and SfM Photogrammetry

The USS Emmons, a 106m US Navy Gleaves‐class destroyer minesweeper that sank in 40m of water off Okinawa Island, Japan after kamikaze attack in 1945, is used as a case study for examining the history, multivocal significance, and heritage management of a World War II naval battle site. A baseline record of the site was made using an innovative method incorporating precise control points obtained from high‐resolution multibeam echosounding bathymetry to generate 3D models using structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry. The 3D models produced can be used for sharing information about this underwater cultural heritage and for future in situ monitoring of the archaeological remains.     

Early Medieval Trade on Japan’s Southern Frontier and its Effect on Okinawan State Development: Grey Stoneware of the East China Sea

In this paper I examine the development of a particular kind of grey stoneware called kamuiyaki which was produced and traded within the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, in the eleventh to fourteenth centuries. The wares themselves, their chronology, and archaeological context are discussed. The kilns represent the first enterprise in the islands in which a commodity was made for exchange on a substantial scale. The establishment of the kilns in a remote area, with technological borrowing from both Japan and Korea, reflects social and economic trends of the beginning of the Medieval Period in Japan. Greyware production, circulation, and consumption, reconstructed from recent excavations, shows a political economy capable of fostering the development of small states on the island of Okinawa in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.     

琉球王国的首里城

随着全面接受明文化的影响,琉球王国成为东亚文明圈的一员。国都首里城与王府正殿朝向西面,这与东亚文明圈"天子南面"的传统明显不同。笔者围绕着"南面与西面"问题解析琉球王国相关的历史,提出了新见解。     

从琉球问题看日本的对外扩张政策

日本自明治维新走上近代民族国家的道路以来,在外交政策上一直奉行扩张主义,使亚洲邻国深受其害。然而我们今天在考察日本对外扩张的历史时往往着重于其对邻国的侵略,而忽视了日本强行把琉球王国纳入其版图成为现在日本的冲绳县这一史实。其实吞并琉球作为日本近代扩张的第一步有着极其深远的影响,日本正是因为受到顺利吞并琉球的鼓舞,才会变本加厉地加紧对外扩张的脚步。琉球被吞并后设置的冲绳县作为日本侵占的第一块领土,也成为其殖民政策的试验田,其后日本在台湾、朝鲜殖民政策的背后都能看到其对冲绳统治政策的影子。     

清政府弱化琉球宗主权的历史考察

自明朝以后,中国对琉球一直拥有宗主权。1874年中日《北京专条》是清政府弱化对琉球宗主权的开始。在琉球问题交涉中,李鸿章的“延宕之法”进一步弱化了宗主权。随着宗主权不断弱化,清政府内部“防日”思想上升。     

The Lilliputian dreams: preliminary observations of nationalism in Okinawa,Taiwan and Hong Kong

This paper is a preliminary comparative analysis of three polity‐seeking nationalisms that emerged in the contiguous peripheral areas – the overlapping ‘spheres of influence’ of three contending imperial centres: Taiwan, Okinawa and Hong Kong. Specifically, it examines and compares the pattern of nation‐formation and the form, ideology and politics of nationalism in each case, and in doing so it tries to suggest a possible explanatory framework for the rise of these nationalisms. Its tentative conclusion is that the rise of nationalism in Taiwan, Okinawa and Hong Kong should be understood as a macro‐historical sociological phenomenon caused by both the short‐term penetration from centralizing colonial and geopolitical centre(s) that triggered nationalist mobilization in the periphery and the long‐term process of peripheral nation‐formation that created the social basis for mobilization. The three cases also demonstrate some other traits of anti‐centre peripheral nationalism: they all adopted a similar ideological strategy of indigeneity, and all developed a differentiation between radical and pragmatic lines characteristic of minority or peripheral nationalisms. A final observation is that while the geopolitics of states in the region is powerfully shaping the development of the three nationalisms, interactions on the societal level may over time create a counterforce from below.     

Nonmetric dental characteristics of the early modern population of Okinawa Island in Nansei Islands,Japan

Dental morphological characteristics of the early modern population (c. 17–19th century AD) of Okinawa Island, Nansei Islands, were investigated to clarify their genealogical characteristics. We observed and classified 25 nonmetric traits of tooth crowns and roots from human remains (106 individuals) excavated from tombs of the early modern period in Okuma, Ginowan City, Okinawa. The incidences of these traits were compared with the incidences in the populations of the other Nansei Islands, of Japan, and of Asia overall. Univariate analysis of each trait and multivariate biological distance analysis based on the frequencies of the traits showed that the Okinawa population in the early modern period more closely resembled the migrant Yayoi populations than it did the native Jomon populations. It is difficult to support the “Ainu‐Ryukyu common origin theory” with regard to the early modern population in Okinawa without some modification of the theory, as well as the modern populations in Tanegashima and Okinawa Island. The geographical cline in the modern period from the northern Kyushu to the Okinawa Island via Tanegashima was confirmed in this analysis. Considering the major temporal changes in northern Kyushu and Tanegashima in addition to the geographical cline, the southward gene flow of the migrant Yayoi elements from northern Kyushu to the central Nansei Islands via the northeast end of the Nansei Islands is suggested. In addition, this study detected some temporal changes from the early modern to the modern period in Okinawa Island. Although the minor temporal change may be attributed to some genetic drift, gene flow from the Japanese main islands or China might be considered one of the causes of the change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国国民政府与琉球问题

20世纪40年代,中国国民政府曾一度面临解决中、日之间悬而未决的琉球问题的有利时机。但是,由于国民政府内部分歧重重,以及二战后最高当局忙于内战,没有能够在该问题上达成任何政府共识,最终丧失了解决琉球问题的法理权。而且,伴随着东、西方冷战的加剧以及国民政府在国共内战后败退台湾,琉球问题被美国所操纵而成为美、日冲绳问题,从而给海峡两岸的中国人民留下深深的历史遗憾。     

明代前期海禁政策下的瓷器输出

明代前期厉行海禁政策时,中国瓷器的海洋输出主要是在朝贡贸易体系下,以琉球人船只为中介的中国、琉球及东南亚多边贸易关系格局中进行。国外沉船及遗址出土资料显示,瓷器输出品种以龙泉青瓷为主,景德镇、福建及广东等地的民窑产品也通过走私途径参与。但总体来说,中国瓷器在当时的东南亚市场仍然匮乏。     

琉球古国华裔儒学大师程顺则

古代琉球是位于中国东南太平洋中的一个岛国 ,自明洪武五年 (1 3 72年 )中琉建立正式的藩属关系起 ,到清光绪五年 (1 879年 )琉球为日本吞并止 ,中琉双方友好交往五百余年。此间 ,中国儒家思想和文化传入琉球 ,对琉球政治制度、思想文化乃至社会生活都产生了深刻影响。华裔儒学大师程顺则一生致力于儒家思想与文化在琉球的传播。此外 ,他对促进中琉间政治、经济、文化及航海交通方面的交流 ,也做出了卓越的贡献。