Estimating meagre (Argyrosomus regius) size from otoliths and vertebrae

This study presents a method for predicting meagre (Argyrosomus regius) body size (total length) from otoliths and vertebrae recovered from archaeological sites. The method involves regression equations calculated from a reference collection of 36 meagre skeletons and 113 meagre otoliths (sagitta) and allows the simultaneous estimation of original body size and minimum number of individuals (MNI) from archaeological bone structures. We selected the following measurements to predict meagre body size: greatest dorso-ventral height, greatest mediolateral breadth, and greatest anteroposterior length of the vertebrae centra; maximum anteroposterior length, medial anteroposterior length, and dorso-ventral height of the sagitta. Our results show that the original body size of meagre can be accurately predicted from many bone measurements (r² range: 0.921–0.992). We exemplify the use of the regressions in the assessment of size variation and MNI of meagre from four Portuguese Mesolithic sites. We show that regression results provide additional insight into the significant role that this fish played in the subsistence of coastal fisher-hunter-gatherers, who targeted medium-sized animals but were also capable of acquiring rather larger specimens.     

我国社会主义建设中的公共性偏离与回归

凸现公共性是社会主义的应有之义和本质要求,然而,在社会主义建设过程中,公共性问题往往会被忽视或扭曲。文章指出了我国社会主义建设中的公共性偏多,认为社会主义公共性的回归要从国家、社会和公民三个层面展开。在国家层面,要凸现公共性,重构国家共同体认同;在社会层面,要培植公民领域,重构国家与社会的关系;在公民层面,要培育公民公共精神,构建公正有序的公共秩序。     

The use of predictive modelling to target Neolithic settlement and occupation activity in mainland Scotland

A central aim of Neolithic studies in Europe is to understand settlement or domestic activity of the first agriculturalists. In Scotland, the continued absence of unambiguous Neolithic settlement or domestic occupation activities on the mainland remains an unresolved issue. It is proposed that areas attractive for settlement and occupation activities may be identified by constructing GIS-based models of sites believed to be related to settlement or occupation activities, including chambered cairns, timber halls, and sites containing pit-digging episodes. Statistical analyses undertaken in this process suggest new insights into the locations of the chambered cairns, timber halls, and pits. Finalised models are constructed and desktop assessments are conducted to examine model performance. Research priorities for improving significant environmental variables driving the current models are identified.     

The effects of geographical distances on pottery assemblage similarities: a case study from Northern Iroquoia

A basic premise of archaeology is that the more frequently two human populations interacted with one another the more similar was their material culture. A corollary of this is that the closer two human populations are to one another geographically, the more frequently they will interact. This corollary has been expressed in the archaeological study of northern Iroquoia since the 1950s on the basis of historical ethnic territories. The expectation has been that after ca. A.D. 1000 to 1300 there was more interaction between village populations within these historical territories than between village populations located in different historical territories. Here I test this corollary with pottery decoration data from 114 northern Iroquoian village sites dating from c. A.D. 1350 to 1640. Results indicate that geographic distance has little effect on pottery assemblage similarity.     

Notes of papers read before the society through the Yangtse Gorges

Critics of spatial modeling make several damaging points: (1) results are often trivial; (2) they contradict a priori insights derived from theory or experience; and (3) they preclude an evaluation of the substantive coherence of theories. These critiques arise because analysts have selected criteria of statistical explanation over substantive interpretation. This paper reviews the trade‐off as exemplified by regression models. The paper then presents an alternative methodology, staged regression analysis, and discusses its three‐fold advantage over traditional regression models: (1) avoiding statistical‐substantive trade‐offs; (2) facilitating comparisons among spatial systems; and (3) evaluating and refining existing theory.     

公安县农村居民点用地分布影响因子评价——基于GWR的空间异质性分析

以湖北省公安县为研究区域,采取地理加权回归模型(GWR)以及构建综合影响分析模型,借助Arc GIS10.0空间分析功能,选取影响农村居民点用地分布的地形、河流、交通、人口密度、基本农田、水源保护区、自然保护区作为地理影响因子,分析每类因子影响下的公安县农村居民点用地空间异质性,以及各类因子对用地分布的综合影响程度。结果表明:①地形、河流、交通、人口密度、基本农田、水源保护区、自然保护区等地理因子深刻影响公安县农村居民点用地分布;②从地理因子的综合影响来看,公安县农村居民点用地可划分为极度影响、重度影响、中度影响、低度影响、较弱影响5种类型区;③未来农村居民点的用地整理与居民点布局的调整需要充分考虑各类地理因子的影响及其综合作用,促进农村居民点用地的集约、节约利用。     

On the use of species-area curves to detect the effects of sample size

Archaeologists have long been concerned about sample size. To monitor the relationship between sample size and the magnitude of a variable of interest, archaeologists have constructed three distinct kinds of what in ecology are known as species area curves (SACs). Sampling to redundancy SACs involve adding successive samples cumulatively to determine if the information provided by new samples is unique or redundant with information provided by earlier (smaller) samples. Rarefaction SACs involve pooling multiple samples and then rarifying the pooled sample—making it smaller probabilistically—so that the originally large but rarified sample may be compared with originally small samples. Regression SACs determine if there is a significant statistical relationship between samples of different sizes and the magnitude of the variable of interest per sample. Each of the three SACs used by archaeologists has a distinct analytical purpose.     

The Strength Reduction Factors for Seismic-Isolated Bridges Characterized by SDOF Bilinear Systems in Far-Fault Areas

This article presents a statistical study on strength reduction factors for seismic-isolated bridges in far-fault areas. 1410 ground motions are selected and modified to be compatible with the recommended response spectra. Then, they are divided into 60 groups to investigate the effects of PGA/PGV ratios, soil conditions and post-to-pre-yield stiffness ratio. Results show that reduction factors are significantly affected by the PGA/PGV ratio, while the latter two items are not as important as the first one. Finally, an improved equation to estimate the reduction factor is proposed, and the accuracy of the equation is verified by additional records.     

乡村旅游对贫困山区农户多维贫困的影响研究

在分析乡村旅游对农户多维贫困影响机理的基础上,利用陕西4市22个乡村旅游扶贫村农户调查数据,采用内生转换回归模型,定量分析了乡村旅游对贫困山区农户多维贫困的影响。研究发现:多维贫困程度越深,农户参与旅游比例越低,乡村旅游不具有天然益贫性;参与旅游能够显著减缓农户的多维贫困。从单维贫困看,乡村旅游对调查地农户的经济、教育、生活水平和权利维度具有显著的减贫效应,其中对生活水平的减贫效应最大,健康维度效应不显著;参与和未参与乡村旅游的农户在多维贫困以及经济、生活水平维度的减贫影响因素存在着显著差异,而在教育、健康、权利维度的减贫影响因素差异不大。据此,从乡村旅游经营、精准帮扶、权益保障等方面提出对策建议。     

港口连通性及其影响因素的时空差异——以中国环渤海港口为例

为明确港口连通性及其影响因素的时空差异，基于港口供应链视角，从港口面向内陆、内贸和外贸连通能力构建港口连通性模型，并借助空间计量模型对2002-2017年间中国环渤海港口连通性及其影响因素的时空差异进行测度。结果表明：①除天津、青岛和大连港连通性最强外，内陆、内贸和外贸连通性最强分别为日照、唐山和烟台港，连通性最弱分别为威海、丹东和盘锦港，黄骅港增速最快；②连通性分布具有多核心-边缘特征和多门户港口并存格局；③连通性影响因素具有空间相关性和异质性，但均对连通性有正向促进作用。本文旨在使决策者明确港口运输的连通能力及其影响因素，为港口规划布局和提升在港口供应链中地位提供决策支持。