浙江东苕溪中游商代原始瓷窑址群

2010年初,对东苕溪流域商代原始瓷窑址进行调查,共发现30多处窑址。同年3~11月,对南山窑址进行发掘,共揭露3条窑炉、8个灰坑、2个贮料坑、1条水沟和若干个柱洞,出土大量原始瓷器。南山窑址是一处商代几乎纯烧原始瓷的窑场,为探索瓷器起源、原始瓷产地等提供了重要的实物资料。     

安吉上马山汉代江东类型原始瓷工艺研究

安吉上马山汉代土墩墓墓群出土众多江东类型高温釉原始瓷器,SEM-EDS (能谱-扫描电镜)分析显示,其中部分样品的胎体外表面施有含钾、铁含量较高的红色层,可能是化妆土的前身,并且在红色层之上还局部施有钙釉。经过与江西地区早商以来一些遗物在外貌以及陶衣成分上的对比,发现上马山的这些原始瓷也许在源流上与江西地区的早期窑业有关。而当东汉末年,越地传统单层高温钙釉器物逐渐兴起,并发展成为最早的成熟青瓷,这种化妆土技术便于越地消失了。     

The earliest high-fired glazed ceramics in China: the composition of the proto-porcelain from Zhejiang during the Shang and Zhou periods (c. 1700–221 BC)

Bodies and glazes of 54 proto-porcelain sherds and 18 non proto-porcelain samples from Shang and Zhou periods production sites in Deqing, Zhejiang province were analysed by EPMA-WDS. The results indicate that the bodies of all samples were made from local raw material – porcelain stone, with the proto-porcelain samples being made from clay of higher quality. Wood ashes, high in lime and low in potash, were intentionally applied to the proto-porcelain samples, resulting in the formation of lime-rich glazes whose compositions were determined by a temperature-controlled mechanism. In contrast, kiln fragments and furniture show a potash-rich fuel vapour glaze, which formed unintentionally during use of the kiln. The firing temperature for most of the proto-porcelain glazes is around the maturing temperature for typical more recent lime glazes, showing that the potters were already at such an early time able to attain sufficiently high temperature in their kilns.     

原始瓷胎料的粒度分析与产地探索

本文介绍了古陶瓷粒度分析的原理与方法。利用该方法,对我国不同地方出土的原始瓷产品进行了分析,发现南北方出土原始瓷有所差别,这一结果表明我国商代原始瓷应有多个产地。     

Melt formation in lime-rich proto-porcelain glazes

Early Chinese lime-rich glazes form an important step in the development of high-fired ceramics. This experimental study, based on the analysis of archaeological samples of proto-porcelain and replicated samples, explores the role of ash and glaze mixture preparation, firing temperature and duration, and cooling protocol for the quality and composition of the resulting glaze. It is demonstrated that the application of raw wood ash rich in potash produces low-potash glazes, that the melt formation follows a cotectic mechanism which needs extended firing times to reach equilibrium, and that the formation of a crystalline interaction layer depends more on the kiln cooling history and high-temperature soaking than on the glaze application method.