Printing,Publishing, and Book Culture in Premodern China

Abstract

After a lull in scholarship on the history of the Chinese book during the mid-twentieth century, there has been a reemerging surge of scholarly interest since the 1980s. This article accesses the expanding field of Chinese book history by focusing on two recently published volumes, which represent the newest approaches to the study of Chinese printing in the first significant phase of its development from the tenth to the fourteenth century and its long-term role in Chinese social and intellectual history after 1800, respectively. Placing them in the broader historical context, it further seeks to flesh out recent research trends and future prospects in the field, in particular the changing social and intellectual engagement with printed texts, the increasing impact of printing and publishing on cultural production, and the dynamic interaction between print and other media.     

The United States Monopolization of Bank Note Production: Politics,Government, and the Greenback, 1862–1878

Abstract

Between 1862 and 1878, the view of the United States government towards the nation's money was transformed. Early in the Civil War, the government got into the bank note printing business out of necessity, printing and issuing the first-ever federal currency. Over the following years, debates raged whether the national currency should be printed privately or by the government's bank note printer, the United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP). Matters came to a head in 1878 when Congress debated the future of the BEP. That year, in a radical departure from the past, Congress gave the Bureau of Engraving and Printing a monopoly on the production of currency, forever changing the role of the government in the nation's economy. Money, be it in the form of coin or currency, was now the exclusive province of the government – not private banks or bank note companies. This change was the result of a rare consensus between Democrats and Republicans and between the forces of the antimonopoly tradition, Greenbackism, and hard money. For various reasons, they were unanimous in believing that the government, especially Congress, should be in control of those matters affecting the monetary affairs of the country.     

论近代中国后发棉纺织小企业的纵向一体化战略——以常州广益布厂为例

错过了＂黄金时代＂的部分后发棉纺织小企业通过纵向一体化战略成功发展成为中型企业集团。常州广益布厂,以棉织生产为战略突破口,抓住机器印染业方兴的趋势,先前向一体化印染生产,再后向一体化纺纱生产,最终发展成为大成纺织印染集团。这一战略给大成带来了节省交易成本、稳定交易关系、防御竞争对手的优效作用。这一成功案例为后发小企业的发展提供了借鉴。     

结合3D打印铸造的青铜器可拆卸式修复研究

残缺是出土青铜器常见的病害。传统青铜器完美修复通过手工制作补配件后连接固定的方式进行,这样的修复方式周期较长,一旦修复后不便于拆解,且掩盖与改变了部分原文物有价值的破损信息。随着3D打印精度与效率的不断提升以及打印材料的推陈出新,3D打印早已从单一输出树脂材料发展为多材质复合输出的方式,其中以直接金属增材为主的金属3D打印以及3D打印结合铸造技术的应用,使得传统青铜文物修复技艺得到了更为科学而有效的发展。本工作通过上海博物馆收藏的一件经过"改制"的商代晚期兽面纹青铜斝的修复案例,对"完美复原式"的传统青铜器修复方式进行新的探索,将可拆卸式补配方式结合3D打印铸造的方法,融入到文物修复流程中,在补配残缺器物的同时,不对文物本体产生干扰,保留具有研究价值的"改制"痕迹,在最少干预性与展陈效果之间寻求一种平衡,使得传统文物修复变得更为安全、精准与有效。     

博物馆计算机技术虚拟修复与复制文物方法初探——以德国美因茨博物馆为例

随着计算机技术的迅猛发展,作为博物馆硬核的文物藏品,在保护修复、展陈及复制品制作等方面也成为IT界施展其技术的新领域。本文列举德国美因茨博物馆几个项目案例,旨在阐述文物无触碰信息采集与虚拟修复以及复制品制作等技术,作为对传统技术的有益补充,还弥补了传统修复、复制不可能实现的缺憾,对文物保护修复技术发展领域的拓宽进行了有益的尝试。