牧溪《布袋和尚》修补用纸的选择及匹配度分析

东京美术俱乐部藏南宋牧溪《布袋和尚》,表面絮化严重且有断裂、霉斑,画面局部缺失,裱褙脱落,作品珍稀。本工作首先从古代书画用纸类别和纸张特性等方面探讨了修补该画作纸品的选择标准,运用傅里叶红外光谱、pH测量仪、显微镜等现代设备分析了《布袋和尚》原作纸张的理化特性,并从纤维成分、理化性能等方面对制备的红星宣纸、民国宣纸、麻纸、清代宣纸、现代桑皮纸这5种修补用纸进行对比分析。分析表明,现代桑皮纸与《布袋和尚》原作适配度最好,因此选用现代桑皮纸对原作品进行修复。该修补用纸制备与作品修复为后续保护修复提供了科学依据与参考。     

A Study of the Techniques Used to Make Laohudong Guan Ware in China in the Southern Song Dynasty

Through a combination of analysis and synthesis of Laohudong Guan ware shards from Hangzhou City in southern China, some new hypotheses concerning Guan ware manufacture can be proposed. These suggest that the complex microstructures seen in Guan ware glazes, and which contribute significantly to their jade‐like qualities, may owe much to layers of fine bubbles trapped during the glazing process. It is also proposed that the multi‐layer glazing methods used at the Guan ware kilns at Hangzhou may have helped initially to disguise the relatively coarse and ferruginous clays used for Guan ware manufacture. Once established, the layered glazing technique was used for its own sake—eventually yielding wares that could comprise more glaze than clay. Raw materials and firing temperatures were also explored for this study, and these suggest the use of porcelain‐stone/wood ash mixtures for glaze‐making, with 20–30% calcareous wood ash being the usual amounts. The average heat‐work for the glaze firing seems to have been equivalent to Orton Cone 7, giving a typical finishing temperature of ～1215°C. A single biscuit firing and a single glaze firing seem likely for most Laohudong Guan wares. Studies of the losses that occur in the preparation of calcareous wood ashes suggest that very large quantities of botanic material must have been burned to provide ash for glaze‐making at the Laohudong kiln. From the environmental perspective, a combination of thick glazes and heavy wood‐ash usage would have placed great demands on local fuel supplies.     

丙烯酸树脂B72丙酮溶液在陶瓷文物修复中应用比例研究

作为加固剂和封护剂,丙烯酸树脂B72(简称B72)是国内外应用极其广泛的文物保护修复材料,但作为黏接剂在陶瓷修复粘接、补全、涂层饰色流程中的应用比例及范围几乎未见相关研究实例。文章梳理了B72材料性能和配制方式,通过不同比例B72丙酮溶液固化及作业时间和应用状态实验,提出其作为黏接剂在陶瓷文物粘接、补全、涂层饰色修复流程中的应用比例标准、适用范围和配方比例。研究结果可为文物保护者提供B72简便高效的应用甄选方案。