出土青铜器是否带有原生“粉状锈”的探讨

“粉状锈”是一种危害性极强的锈蚀产物,本工作从铜的氯化物的生成和土壤环境两个方面入手,对其生成机理进行研究。研究结果表明,“粉状锈”并不是铜器在埋藏环境中直接形成的,而是在土壤中形成“病灶”———氯铜矿、氯化亚铜或两者的混合物放置于大气环境中逐渐转化而成。     

历史语境、史学语境与史料的解读——以弗吉尼亚州批准美国宪法大会中一条材料的解读为例

"语境主义"意识对于历史研究具有重要的意义。历史学家在解读具体的史料时,只有清楚而准确地把握史料产生的"历史语境",以及由相关研究构成的"史学语境",才有可能探明史料的"原意",进而恰当地运用史料。     

“步步香飞金薄履，盈盈扇掩珊瑚唇”——由古诗词看六朝妇女的容冶妆饰

由《玉台新咏》、《乐府诗集》中相关描述可知,六朝妇女非常注重妆容美,面部妆饰包括画黛、敷粉、涂脂、描唇、贴钿等内容,簪珥、步摇和簪、钗类饰品也非常流行,样式丰富多样,显现出贵族生活的精致与讲究。因此,借助诗词作品既可弥补正史文献的不足,也可了解时人的审美风尚,还可与实物资料相印证,展现出六朝妇女多姿多彩的生活面貌。     

关于壁画揭取保护中“干涉层”的使用和“地仗层”的去留问题

为阐明保留一定厚度壁画原“地仗层”的必要性,通过对“干涉层”和“地仗层”在壁画揭取保护中昕起作用的分析,认为保留一定厚度的“地仗层”不仅可最大程度上保持壁画的原貌,且壁画原“地仗层”经加固处理后可起到“干涉层”的作用。     

试析“冥”字本义

本文通过列举分析甲骨文字形、文义等方面,试图说明“冥”字在甲骨卜辞中不能解释为分娩的“娩”,更结合前人的研究成果提出了对于“冥”字本义的新观点。     

气候对中国古代塔砖材料性能劣化影响的研究

在气候影响下,塔砖材料性能的劣化加剧了中国古塔结构的损伤,减少了古塔的结构寿命。为此,课题选择两个极具代表性的中国古代砖塔—1500年历史的嵩岳寺塔和1200年历史的法王寺塔进行同一性研究,欲证明两塔在地理位置、环境气候、形制、塔体古砖制造原料和制造工艺等方面均具有很强的相似性和同一性。采用X射线荧光光谱法分析了两塔塔砖的材料成分,采用压汞法对两塔塔砖材料的孔隙率、孔隙结构和孔隙分布特征进行了实验。两塔塔砖材料实验结果的差异证明:在公元5世纪到公元8世纪的300年气候影响下(该气候为自然营力而非实验室人工模拟),塔砖材料孔隙率的增大是导致中国古代塔砖性能劣化的主要原因,大约30%左右的孔隙从小于1000nm孔径发展扩大到10000～50000nm孔径是塔砖材料孔隙率增大的主要表现形式。因此,预防小孔径孔隙(小于1000nm)在气候影响下发展扩大的防治措施应该成为中国古代砖塔保护工作的研究重点。同时,对因塔砖材料性能劣化而产生的古塔塔体的表观特征进行了分析,分析结果有利于中国古代砖塔的保护。     

低温陶器的烧成温度测定及其初步应用

针对常规热膨胀法不适用于低温陶器原始烧成温度测定的现状,我系师生经过几年努力,建立健全了测定低温陶器原始烧成温度的热膨胀方法。本文旨在介绍完善健全这一方法的模拟实验和相关理论,以及它在东胡林遗址出土陶器烧成温度测定上的成功应用。显然,这一方法的健全和东胡林出土陶器烧成温度的测定,对于早期陶器烧制工艺的研究皆具有极为重要的意义。     

Wotan and the ‘archetypal Ergriffenheit’: Mystical union, national spiritual rebirth and culture-creating capacity in C. G. Jung's ‘Wotan’ essay

This article analyses the 1936 “Wotan” essay by Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung in light of one of its reigning motifs, Ergriffenheit. First, this term is examined within the works of Protestant theologian Rudolf Otto and Indologist Jakob Wilhelm Hauer, who used it to describe what they claimed to be the original religious experience, a state of being deeply stirred or even seized by the “the holy” or by “the ultimate reality.” The article then examines antecedents in Jung's theory of states of psychic seizure, in which two halves of the psyche come into conflict, the resolution of which leads to an increased capacity to create the arts of culture. The analysis then moves to the “Wotan” essay itself, where Jung brings together his own theory of psychic seizure with the theory of the original religious experience as proposed by the above-named scholars of religion in order to suggest that, under National Socialism, the Germans were in the midst of a collective confrontation with their own inner divinity, which should lead to a national spiritual rebirth. The article then investigates the works of several of the men Jung mentions in the essay, as well as his use of ancient Germanic mythology, to support his claim. Through his portrait of the Germanic archetype Wotan, Jung psychologizes and thereby essentializes the Romantic image of the Germans as “a people of poets and philosophers” as well as that of a Nietzschean “master-race.” In conclusion, the article argues that, at least in 1936, Jung's attitude towards Hitler and National Socialism was much more favorable than has previously been recognized.     

The European miracle. Environment,economies and geopolitics in the history of Europe and Asia

This article analyses the 1936 “Wotan” essay by Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung in light of one of its reigning motifs, Ergriffenheit. First, this term is examined within the works of Protestant theologian Rudolf Otto and Indologist Jakob Wilhelm Hauer, who used it to describe what they claimed to be the original religious experience, a state of being deeply stirred or even seized by the “the holy” or by “the ultimate reality.” The article then examines antecedents in Jung's theory of states of psychic seizure, in which two halves of the psyche come into conflict, the resolution of which leads to an increased capacity to create the arts of culture. The analysis then moves to the “Wotan” essay itself, where Jung brings together his own theory of psychic seizure with the theory of the original religious experience as proposed by the above-named scholars of religion in order to suggest that, under National Socialism, the Germans were in the midst of a collective confrontation with their own inner divinity, which should lead to a national spiritual rebirth. The article then investigates the works of several of the men Jung mentions in the essay, as well as his use of ancient Germanic mythology, to support his claim. Through his portrait of the Germanic archetype Wotan, Jung psychologizes and thereby essentializes the Romantic image of the Germans as “a people of poets and philosophers” as well as that of a Nietzschean “master-race.” In conclusion, the article argues that, at least in 1936, Jung's attitude towards Hitler and National Socialism was much more favorable than has previously been recognized.