Influence of Openings,With and Without Confinement,on Cyclic Response of Infilled R-C Frames — An Experimental Study

This article presents the experimental results of a study on reinforced-concrete frames infilled with masonry with openings. The frames were designed according to current European codes. They were built in a scale 1:2.5 and infilled with masonry walls. Mid-size window and door openings were located centrically and eccentrically and were executed with and without tie-columns around them. Presence of masonry infill, although not accounted for in design, improved the system behavior (increase in stiffness, strength and energy dissipation capacity) at drift levels of up to 1%. During the test, openings did not influence the initial stiffness and strength at low drift levels. Their presence became noticeable at higher drift levels, when they lowered the energy dissipation capacity of the system. The infill wall had a multiple failure mechanism that depended on the opening height and position. Tie-columns controlled the failure type, independent of the opening type, prevented out-of-plane failure of the infill, and increased the system's ductility. Negative effects of the infill on the frame were not observed. The infill's contribution could be deemed positive as it enhanced the overall Structural Performance Level. Analytical expressions commonly used for infilled frames underestimate the infill's contribution to strength and stiffness and overestimate the contribution of the bare frame.     

论清末东北宪政改革的特点

以实施宪政为中心的政治改革是清末东北政治现代化的重要特征。具体表现在 :一是通过官制改革调整了地方行政机构 ,加强了地方公署对边疆的控制 ,为东北实施宪政铺平了道路。二是把司法独立作为实施宪政的关键 ,完善了近代地方司法体系。三是以地方自治为实施宪政的基础 ,促进了东北近代民主运动的发展。四是以谘议局为实施宪政的后盾 ,扩大了谘议局参政的深度和广度 ,并充分利用谘议局与商会的特殊关系 ,使公署、谘议局、商会形成一个有机体 ,从而东北的宪政改革得以顺利进行。     

尹湾六号汉墓墓主师饶生平业绩考

文章通过对西汉东海郡官吏师饶生平的探究,阐述了西汉郡级管理体制及内部分工情况。     

Staging the Transnistrian Identity Within the Heritage of Soviet Holidays

This article focuses on the performance of three national holidays in Transnistria in the context of the ongoing consolidation of Transnistrian society since 1991. Transnistrian leaders play a key role in the construction of a distinct Transnistrian regional identity; hence this paper pays close attention to the speeches of Transnistrian leaders as reported in the mass media. In addition, I also base my conclusions on interviews with the residents of Rybnita. I was able to observe and describe the official commemorations of the anniversary of the October Revolution, May Day and Victory Day, all key Soviet holidays which are still celebrated in Transnistria, mostly by the older generation and members of the Communist Party. The theoretical framework of the article, therefore, relies on a constructivist approach to the nation-building process through the manipulation of public opinion by elites.     

地缘政治关系简析

本文从地缘政治学分析国际政治大国与全球地理环境之间的关系实质,即地理位置、综合国力和战略利益在地域政治体系中的相互联系、制约和影响,及变化规律.     

肥致碑及相关问题

肥致碑,1991年出土于河南省偃师县(今改市)南蔡庄一座东汉墓内。偃师县文物管理委员会编写的发掘简报见《文物》1992年第9期。简报发表后,备受海峡两岸学者的关注。20年来,公开发表的研究文章不下20多篇。文章内容相对集中在碑文的释读、肥致碑的性质、碑文记述与墓内被葬者的问题、碑文反映的东汉社会风气和碑文的书法艺术等五个方面。后面两个问题,研究者的看法基本一致,兹不赘述。前三个问题,看法     

官员财产公开制度再上路——以新疆阿勒泰地区在网上公开官员财产为例

2008年12月31日,新疆阿勒泰地区在网上公开官员财产,这在全国尚属首次。这一举动,对推动我国的官员财产公开立法进程具有重大意义。虽然此次官员财产公开申报的范围和对象进一步扩大,申报的形式趋于完善,却也存在许多不足。如不及时纠正,就有可能最终颠覆官员财产公开的本身价值,使之名存实亡。     

十六国北朝的史官制度与史学发展

十六国北朝时期史官制度的发展,有力地推动了史学的发展。这同当时的史官制度和史学发展两者之间有着比较有效的互动关系是分不开的。它主要体现在以起居注为主要内容的史料工作的规范化,国史编撰制度的初步确立,以及史官职掌和良史意识的有机结合等方面。     

论清代官营茶马贸易的延续及其废止

茶马贸易是中原农业民族和周边从事畜牧业的少数民族之间物物交换的一种互惠互利的经济活动。官营茶马贸易发端于唐代,兴起于宋代,在明代达到高度垄断,清初承明之旧,重新恢复和延续了这种特殊的民族贸易制度。本文引用了大量文献资料,着重论述了清代官营茶马贸易的恢复以及衰落并最终废止的状况,认为清代特定的政治、经济背景是其废止的根本原因。     

历史文本创作的微观过程：以“杨士奇举三事”故事衍生史为例

清朝官修《明史·仁宗诚孝张皇后传》所载的“杨士奇举三事”故事,实源于民间道听途说,后从私修野史辗转进入官修正史。不可否认的是,它作为一种历史文本长期存在,当有其流行之合理性。根据《野记》所载故事内容,可以考证出其创作时间的下限为天顺五年。故事产生、流传之初,恰逢天顺朝面临着是否仿效永乐朝施行“革除”的问题。明代中后期,故事作为一个“事件”与其他真实发生过的历史事件结合,甚至发生文本互动,并在《名山藏》中建立起事件进展的基本链条。清代官修正史的过程中,明史馆馆臣又在事件链条的基础上对故事的若干破绽进行了修补弥缝。“杨士奇举三事”故事之衍生史,可为今人对历史文本形成的微观过程的反思提供典型案例与思想资源。