The history of econometric ideas. Historical perspectives in modern economics

This article presents a comparative analysis of the concepts of totalitarian democracy and positive liberty in the work of Jacob Leib Talmon and Isaiah Berlin. Its main purpose is to show that a combined analysis of Talmon and Berlin's biographical relationship and their individual texts demonstrates that Talmon's idea of totalitarian democracy may have had a greater influence on Berlin's notion of positive liberty than Berlin seems to have ever acknowledged. The article first summarises the intellectual and biographical relationships that tied these two authors together in a personal friendship and an intellectual fellowship that lasted for more than three decades. In the second part, the insights drawn from the investigation of the authors' intellectual and biographical relationships are linked to an analysis of their texts, The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy and Two Concepts of Liberty. Finally, in the third part of the article, three crucial aspects of Talmon's definition of totalitarian democracy are considered: the interpretation of the Enlightenment and Rousseau's thought, the view of the French revolution, and the possible impact each of these has on subsequent Marxist and socialist reflection, to see how they are addressed in Berlin's idea of positive liberty.     

A Christian anarchist? Gregory of Nyssa's criticism of political power

The Cappadocian Church father Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335-395 AD) frequently attacks political power and domination in different forms. He does not present a systematic political philosophy, but there is a range of underlying theological, anthropological and moral philosophical ideas at play in Gregory's criticism. Especially important is Gregory's theological anthropology, and the unity of humankind. In this article it is argued that Gregory's political thinking can be described as “anarchism,” in so far this is defined as the universal rejection of all kinds of domination and the identification of justice with any positive political state of affairs.     

Stochastic Non-Stationary Model for Ground Motion Simulation Based on Higher-Order Crossing of Linear Time Variant Systems

This article introduces a new time-varying model to generate synthetic non-stationary acceleration records using the modified Kanaii-Tajimi model with time-variant parameters. The proposed method can capture two different dominant frequencies per time which makes it suitable for synthesizing the near-field no-pulse earthquake records. A number of closed-form relationships are developed to describe the frequency dependent time-domain level crossings of the simulated records under white noise excitation. The model parameters are optimized using the crossing and Arias intensity properties of the synthetic and target records. The efficiency of the proposed model is demonstrated using a data base of 106 near-field records.     

浅析近世误读进化论所产生之负面效应

本文分别从个人主义的泛滥与新道德和民主政治构建的难产、理想主义的滥觞与激进主义者实践道路的迷惘、唯科学主义思潮的横行与国人人生观的困惑等视角发掘出误读进化论所产生的近代社会转型问题,希望唤起学界对进化论展开深刻反思,审视它在近代所带来的负面效应.     

肯尼迪政府的"限蒋出笼"政策(1961～1963)

20世纪60年代肯尼迪上台后,一改此前美国的"放蒋出笼"政策,反对蒋介石的"反攻大陆"要求.肯尼迪政府阻拦蒋介石"反攻大陆"是因应当时美国对华政策的需要,国际局势的发展已使美国政府认识到,新中国政权是稳固的,无法以外力推翻.在策划"限蒋出笼"政策的过程中,肯尼迪政府就如何应付蒋介石的对策问题曾进行过激烈的辩论,从最初的模糊政策到最后向蒋介石摊牌,政策的出台经历了一个复杂的决策过程.