The Oldest Culture-Circles in Asia

The following essay is divided into three parts. In the first part, evidences are presented to show that, as a result of modern etymological researches, the traditional interpretation of as “what a man becomes after his death” can no longer be accepted as representing the primitive meaning of this character. In the second part, further evidences, both documentary and palaeographic, are adduced to show that was very probably the name given to some simian or anthropoid animal; and that its current significations of ghost, sprite, devil, etc. are but later modifications of this primitive notion. In the last part, the author makes a tentative classification of characters and terms which are the graphic, semantic or phonetic cognates of in the light of the above conclusions.     

《四库全书总目·墨子提要》订误

《四库全书总目·墨子提要》称《墨子》“尚存六十三篇”,与宋《中兴馆阁书目》所称“六十一篇”不合。实则《四库全书》本《墨子》旧文仅存五十三篇,另十篇纯属子虚乌有。不仅今传之明清诸本如此,即使在宋代也是一样。《总目提要》因误解《墨子》阁书提要所言“此本所列篇数……与《汉志》合”以及《中兴馆阁书目》所称“自《亲士》至《杂守》为六十一篇”之原意,遂妄生出一个“六十三篇”的本子,而其所推比宋本反增二篇之故亦成无根之谈。