南唐二陵墓室彩画上滋生藻类、苔藓与霉菌的种类鉴定

南唐二陵墓室彩画上滋生大面积的苔藓、藻类、霉菌,使原有精美鲜艳的彩画被严重遮盖腐蚀。为此,对南唐二陵墓室彩画上滋生的藻类、苔藓与霉菌进行分离纯化,通过菌落形态观察与显微形态观察,对其表面滋生的藻类、苔藓与霉菌进行了初步种类鉴定。鉴定结果表明,确定霉菌为黑根霉(R. nigricans)、亮白曲霉(A.candidus)、青霉 (P.echinulatum Raper)等;苔藓为墙藓属(Totula sp)、毛口藓属(Trichostomum Bruch);藻类为鞘丝藻属(Lyngbya)。鉴定结果可为进一步的防藻、防霉技术研究和墓室彩画的现场保护研究提供科学依据。     

景德镇历代釉里红和“填红”的研究

永乐、夏德及雍正朝所制的带有红三鱼、红三果或红莲织装饰的白瓷通常都称为釉里红。科学检测的结果表明,这种类型的装饰系用“填红”法制成而不是用釉下彩绘法制成,其图案有凸起感,两种不同的装饰工艺产生不同的艺术外观、显微织构和化学组成。作者对此了系统测试。     

Considerations on the provenance determination of plant ash glasses using strontium isotopes

Strontium isotopic analysis has been proposed as a suitable method to determine the primary production location of ancient plant ash glasses. The technique is based upon the assumption that Sr enters this glass type with the plant ash used as a flux material, and that the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of the resulting glass reflects the geological provenance of that flux. In such case, the bulk Sr isotopic composition of the bedrock should be inherited unchanged in the plants growing on that bedrock. Different types of plant ash glasses have been shown to have widely differing ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr compositions. In this study, the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr composition of several plant species growing on different bedrock types is measured, and compared to the bulk Sr isotopic composition and petrology of that bedrock. The paper shows that the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of these plants is a function not only, or even mostly, of the local geology, but also of the Sr isotopic composition of the total water consumed by that plant. This is highly likely to be both plant species dependent and dependent on the small-scale hydrology of the area immediately surrounding the plant. In this way, no definite relation between the isotopic composition of a geological outcrop and the plants growing on this bedrock can be inferred. Hence, the isotopic composition of a plant ash made from such plants is uncertain and moreover species dependent. Though groups of plant ash glasses can certainly be compared in time and space using Sr isotopes, it may prove difficult to ascertain a plant ash glass type to a specific geographical-geological region.     

陕西省露天石质文物藻类、地衣、苔藓调查

为保护露天石质文物安全,了解掌握当前生物病害发生发展规律,在资料分析的基础上,对陕西省19处露天砖石质文物进行生物侵蚀调查研究,内容包括生物侵蚀的类型、分布规律及种群调查。结果表明陕西省露天砖石质文物生物病害类型主要包括:藻类侵蚀、地衣侵蚀、苔藓侵蚀、高等植物侵蚀、动物侵蚀。其中,地衣在16个调查点上有分布,藻类在11个调查点上有分布,苔藓在6个调查点上有分布,本次调查共采集到藻类16种,地衣16种,苔藓8种。调查结果可为石质文物保护提供参考。