印尼棉兰华人族群融入主流社会初探

以田野调查数据为基础,从国家认同、民族认同、生活习俗,以及华人社团的宗旨及活动等方面分析探讨了棉兰华人族群融入主流社会的程度及其存在的问题。认为印尼棉兰华人族群目前已处于融入主流社会的进程中,这是一种历史发展的必然趋势,又是一个缓慢渐进的社会过程。这种融入是一个非强制性的行为,是双向的、群体性的运动,其程度和速度受时空和各种主客观因素的制约。     

STAYING SINGLE IN A MARRIED WORLD

As in many countries in Asia, families in Indonesia are experiencing substantial change as new patterns of marriage emerge. Currently, a significant number of adults are ignoring the traditional standards for men's and women's appropriate marriage ages. Utilizing Indonesian censuses data for various years and in-depth interviews with 35 never-married women, this study describes the trends and patterns of singlehood among adults in Yogyakarta and Medan. It also explores the lifestyles of single women, including the process of remaining single, views toward marriage and how they cope with the social stigma of being single. The data show that the proportion single among women aged 30–49 increased sharply over three decades. As a consequence, the median age at marriage for females rose between 1970 and 2000 from 24.4 to 27.4 in Yogyakarta and from 23.2 to 26.1 in Medan. Most women agreed that marriage remains an ideal norm, but it does not mean that being single can not result in a satisfied and happy life.     

印尼棉兰的华人：历史与特征

论文以调查和访谈资料为依据,阐述了印尼棉兰华人社会发展与历史变迁的过程,并在此基础上总结出棉兰华人因受周边华人社会影响,兼及殖民种植经济传统与移居型城市特点而形成的独有社会特征：政治参与具有华人社会传统特性;坚守中华传统文化并吸收了西方文化、土著文化;闽南语或普通话日常使用较普遍;经济上居于印尼社会和华人群体的边缘,实力有限;与其他族群相处较为融洽;以横向分化为主的华人社会,各群体间互动频繁,边界较为模糊。