Modelling and Seismic Response Analysis of Italian Code-Conforming Base-Isolated Buildings

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on results of nonlinear analyses performed within the RINTC project on an RC building isolated with different systems (High Damping Rubber Bearings, High Damping Rubber Bearings and Flat Sliding Bearings, Friction Pendulum System) and designed according to the Italian design code. The seismic response has been evaluated under different seismic input levels of two sites with different hazard and by considering two Limit States: Global Collapse and Usability-Preventing Damage. The influence of seismic stoppers and modelling uncertainties is also evaluated. Results permit to compute the implicit collapse risk and to identify critical aspects of current design procedures.     

Hydraulic and hydrochemical properties of deep sedimentary reservoirs of the Upper Rhine Graben,Europe

Hydraulic and hydrochemical data from several hundred wells mostly drilled by the oil and gas industry within the four deep carbonate and siliciclastic reservoirs of the Upper Rhine Graben area in France and Germany have been compiled, examined, validated and analysed with the aim to characterize fluids and reservoir properties. Due to enhanced temperatures in the subsurface of the Upper Rhine Graben, this study on hydraulic and hydrochemical properties has been motivated by an increasing interest in deep hydrogeothermal energy projects in the Rhine rift valley. The four examined geothermal reservoir formations are characterized by high hydraulic conductivity reflecting the active tectonic setting of the rift valley and its fractured and karstified reservoirs. The hydraulic conductivity decreases only marginally with depth in each of the reservoirs, because the Upper Rhine Graben is a young tectonically active structure. The generally high hydraulic conductivity of the reservoir rocks permits cross‐formation advective flow of thermal water. Water composition data reflect the origin and hydrochemical evolution of deep water. Shallow water to 500 m depth is, in general, weakly mineralized. The chemical signature of the water is controlled by fluid–rock geochemical interactions. With increasing depth, the total of dissolved solids (TDS) increases. In all reservoirs, the fluids evolve to a NaCl‐dominated brine. The high salinity of the reservoirs is partly derived from dissolution of halite in evaporitic Triassic and Cenozoic formations, and partly from the fluids residing in the crystalline basement. Water of all four reservoirs is saturated with respect to calcite and other minerals including quartz and barite.     

Princely entries and gift exchange in the Burgundian Low Countries: a crucial link in late medieval political culture

This article treats the first entry of a new prince as the start of a series of exchanges between the prince and his subjects. On the occasion of an entry, gifts in all kind of forms, subsistence, luxury and symbolic goods, were exchanged with the intention of establishing a bond between the new ruler and the subjects. These gifts were not standardised in the Burgundian Low Countries. There was a wide range of gifts, from wine to silverware and from money to horses. Some gifts can be linked to the princely right of lodging in places he passed on his itinerary, whereas others refer to marks of honour offered by the host. However, not all gifts were given spontaneously, but were the result of a negotiating process between the town and the prince's officials on the one hand and between the different towns of a principality on the other. Those officials benefited as well from entry gifts that trickled down to lower levels in the official hierarchy. Therefore, the gifts can be considered as personalised items in a bigger process of exchange and as a confirmation of the outcome of political negotiations.     

A New Methodology and Classification System for Describing Three‐Dimensional Particle Formats: Application to Clastic Lithic Products of Archaeological and Geological Origin

A new classification system is proposed to describe the volumetric formats of clastic lithic products of geological and archaeological origin. In order to build this operative classification, the rectangular block or cuboid is established as the standard geometric format to represent their three‐dimensional format (the X‐axis being length or long diameter, the Y‐axis being the width or intermediate diameter, and the Z‐axis being the thickness or short diameter) on a two‐dimensional diagram. To obtain this graph, each absolute coordinate (X, Y, Z) defining the prisms is projected on to an auxiliary plane with a new set of relative coordinates (x, y, z), expressed as the percentage of their sum. The projection generates a triangular diagram on which the indices of elongation and flatness are represented. A geometric transformation converting the triangular diagram into a quadrangular diagram has been produced in order to better represent the scatter points. Then, a double scale is necessary: (i) an absolute scale to quantify the indices, and (ii) a relative scale to calculate where the graphic locus is projected. This new graph also allows us to work with statistical parameters. Finally, two classic examples of applications selected from the literature are shown.     

圆明园新证——万方安和考

万方安和是清代皇家离宫圆明园中独具特色的园林景建筑之一,其主题以万字房为重心,十字亭为结点,一字长楼山高水长为回应,形成山环水聚、万年如意的园林宫殿形局。其经营意象援引佛教宇宙图式、兼及禅宗沩仰宗风"圆相"奥旨,同时溯源汉地明堂,既是对"圆明主题"的进一步深化,又是雍正皇权极度膨胀在造园理念方面的突出表现。     

论唐代的封驳制度

唐代以封还皇帝诏命为对象的封驳制度渊源于两汉,酝酿于初唐,形成于唐代中后期,主要由门下省官员给事中职掌。封驳的目的在于追救缺失,防患于未然,而封还诏敕并加以驳正则是其最主要的方式。在权力高度集中的封建皇权社会,封驳制度在加强权力监督、抑制皇权膨胀等方面无疑有着积极的意义,然而这种作用也不宜高估,唐代中后期三省制的破坏在很大程度上妨碍了封驳作用的发挥,而当政者能否接受逆耳之言、给事中能否履行职责也同样决定着封驳作用的发挥。     

Mobilité de la population et pauvreté dans une vicomté normande de la fin du Moyen-Age

Important in number and spread very evenly throughout the fifteenth century, the Norman rolls of the monnéage are a very important source for statistical study of the population of Normandy. The information about names they provide allows one to grasp the importance of mobility of population in urban and rural areas. Information about the different categories of exempted persons permits a study of the problem of poverty. The region under scrutiny in this article is the vicomté or vice-county of Bayeux and the city of Caen. Documents concerning this region reveal a highly mobile population, a fact which war by itself cannot explain. The highest rates of mobility are to be found among the populations of the different parishes of Bayeux and Caen. As one might expect, the poor are amongst the most mobile of all. Moreover, the persistence of poverty throughout the fifteenth century, as seen in the rolls of the monnéage, raises the problem of the continued stagnation of this part Normandy.