依旧是“客人”：印度加尔各答客家人认同的重塑

从奥兰多·帕特森的种族定义入手,探讨加尔各答客家人种族认同的构成,就加尔各答客家人而言,有三个因素对确立和维持其认同具有重要意义：即国家和民族政治、不同种族从事不同职业的分层制经济和东道国以“洁”与“不洁”之间的象征性对立为基础的宗教制度。种族、种姓、语言和宗教是维持种族认同的几个重要因素。种族认同会随着条件的变化而发生转变,由于职业、教育和政治环境迥然不同,客家人其认同轨道会截然不同。     

文化认同的传承与创新：印度加尔各答华人的多元化宗教信仰研究

作为对印度加尔各答华人研究的一部分,本文基于田野调查获得的资料,从文化认同的理论视角,探讨了在南亚唯一唐人街及华人社区生活的加尔各答华人多元化宗教信仰。通过对其宗教信仰中“中国传承”和“住地创新”两方面内容的归纳分析,揭示出在印度加尔各答华人社区内,独特的中国及印度元素兼备的华人多元化身份特征及文化认同。     

印度加尔各答华人的生存困境及其原因探析--心理文化学的视角

论文从印度加尔各答华人社区的衰落与生存困境、印度文明传统环境下华人的生存适应与社会融入障碍、中国文化传统影响下印度华人心理文化调适的局限等方面,探讨了华人在印度社会中的心理调适过程及其心理社会均衡的实现情况。华人在印度社会遇到的是种姓制度、宗教认同和单惠型为主的交换模式,与华人的家族及宗族认同、信用借贷型为主的交往模式产生了较大冲突。这种冲突使华人与印度社会形成隔绝,并难以实现社会地位、安全、情感等方面的满足。印度华人根据生存环境调整生存策略,以符合华人基本人际状态的方式,实现心理与社会的内外交互平衡,却又加剧了其封闭性、保守性,使其未能成功利用印度社会的制度和文化谋求自我发展、实现自我革新,因而诉诸外部世界,通过再移民来寻求解决这些问题的途径和新的发展机会。这是造成印度华人社会持续衰落的内在根源。     

Critical urban collaborative ethnographies: articulating community with Sappho for Equality in Kolkata,India

This article reflects on the notion of community through a collaborative ethnographic study with women loving women in Kolkata. Performing critical urban ethnographies in the global south and writing about sexualities that defy easy spatial categorizations are vital for those who seek to extend the scholarship of sexualities beyond the ‘gayborhood paradigm’ in the global north. This article focuses on how women loving women understand community and activism in Kolkata, a city that exists within tireless attempts at economic rejuvenation and vibrant modes of living. The question of community is moot in political activism around decriminalization of same-sex relationships and social legitimacy of the same. Drawing on collaborative ethnographic work with Sappho for Equality, an activist collective working with sexually marginalized women in eastern India, we engage with community as a space through which women loving women articulate marginalization and strategically connect with normative social institutions. I begin my discussion by introducing the notion of critical collaborative ethnography as a way to practice accountability in social research. Following that through select ethnographic vignettes, I demonstrate how a ‘queer community’ is not a predetermined end but is always in the making: a process that forms and dissipates within specific material contexts, activist practices, and social encounters.     

Socialist Economic Integration as an Economic-Geographic Problem

The economic integration of the Comecon economies involves two kinds of problems of interest to economic geographers: (1) the way the spatial structures of national economies need to be reoriented in the course of integration; (2) the location of economic production centers that are of international significance. Two integration zones may be distinguished within the Comecon system: (a) a highly developed western zone comprising the European members of Comecon and the western part of the USSR, extending as far as the oil and gas producing areas of the Ob' basin and the Mangyshlak district of western Kazakhstan; (b) a smaller and less developed eastern zone comprising the Mongolian People's Republic and adjoining areas of Siberia.     

Remembering the city: translocality and the senses

This article explores how the postcolonial cities of Kolkata and London are remembered across space and time through the translocal memories of a religious minority, followers of the Hindu reform sect, known as the Brahmo Samaj. London Brahmos represent a miniscule translocal community, historically located in the urban culture of Kolkata and yet with a long tradition of travel and migration inside and outside India. Drawing on interviews with London Brahmos, who migrated to London from Kolkata from the 1950s onwards, the article focuses on the role of urban memory as a translocal and sensory practice, infused with enchantment. I start by considering how London and Kolkata are connected through translocal memories of mobility and dwelling. I then move on to contrast sensuous and sterile memories, which emplace translocal urban imaginaries of Kolkata and London and examine the limits of translocality to connect cities and lives through mapping a variety of situated urban sensescapes.     

A Canadian Scholar'S Views on Geography in Canada and in the USSR

There has long been controversy over the exact location of the middle segment of the great medieval trade route from the Varangians (Northmen) in the Baltic to the Greeks (Byzantium) in the Black Sea. There is no ambiguity about the northern segment, between Novgorod and the Baltic, or the southern segment, from Smolensk down the Dnieper to the Black Sea, but authors have tended to disagree about the various rivers, lakes and portages used by traders in the Russian heartland between Novgorod and Smolensk. A Russian chronicle describing a campaign led by Aleksandr Nevskiy against a Lithuanian force in 1245 sheds light on the alignment of the middle segment of the trade route. It appears that the route originally passed through Velikiye Luki in the 10th century. As this area became embroiled in clashes between warring Russian principalities, the trade route shifted eastward to the Toropets area, which became dominant by the 13th century. The existence of two additional minor routes is also noted.     

加尔各答的华侨华人：移民模式与职业特性

从十九世纪的早期移民、二十世纪早期的中国难民、二战后到加尔各答的移民、职业特性等方面阐述了加尔各答华侨华人的移民模式、经济特性、努力奋斗成为当地居民的过程及其为当地经济发展所作的贡献。