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Naomi Porat Michael Chazan Rainer Grün Maxime Aubert Vera Eisenmann Liora Kolska Horwitz 《Journal of archaeological science》2010
The Fauresmith lithic industry of South Africa has been described as transitional between the Earlier and Middle Stone Age. However, radiometric ages for this industry are inadequate. Here we present a minimum OSL age of 464 ± 47 kyr and a combined U-series–ESR age of 542−107+140 kyr for an in situ Fauresmith assemblage, and three OSL ages for overlying Middle and Later Stone Age strata, from the site of Kathu Pan 1 (Northern Cape Province, South Africa). These ages are discussed in relation to the available lithostratigraphy, faunal and lithic assemblages from this site. The results indicate that the Kathu Pan 1 Fauresmith assemblage predates transitional industries from other parts of Africa e.g. Sangoan, as well as the end of the Acheulean in southern Africa. The presence of blades, in the dated Fauresmith assemblages from Kathu Pan 1 generally considered a feature of modern human behaviour ( McBrearty and Brooks, 2000, The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior, J. Human Evolution 39, 453–563),-provides evidence supporting the position that blade production in southern Africa predated the Middle Stone Age and the advent of modern Homo sapiens. 相似文献
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ALASTAIR FOWLER 《The Seventeenth century》2013,28(1):1-14
AbstractThe St. Louis Art Museum’s statue of Reclining Pan proved inspirational to many artists of the seventeenth century, none more so than Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione. The artist reproduced the statue in many of his works, making it a symbol of his invenzione. Previously, the few reproductions known of the statue have given the impression that Baroque audiences considered it antiquwct 2 e, and of less interest than other antiquities. This article corrects that assumption by examining Castiglione’s, as well as Peter Paul Rubens’, Joachim von Sandrart’s, Nicolas Poussin’s, and Salvator Rosa’s uses of the statue. The artists used the Pan as both figural exemplar and symbol for pastoral themes. These artistic responses are here set alongside new information concerning the Pan’s seventeenth-century provenance, display, and attribution to Bernini, to reveal the Reclining Pan as a primary catalyst for the period’s extensive Arcadian and bacchanalian imagery while simultaneously representing lessons of the classical style. 相似文献
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Jarod M. Hutson 《Journal of archaeological science》2012,39(2):440-457
Here I present a neotaphonomic account of natural bone accumulations that have resulted from carnivore serial predation at Ngamo Pan, a vast complex of seasonal water holes located in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. Reconstructing the taphonomic histories of faunal assemblages from open-air archaeological sites is burdened with a host of interpretive complications, and this study is offered as a referential means for evaluating instances where stone tools and bone accumulations are associated in apparent archaeological contexts. While the presence of stone tools implies some involvement on the part of humans, open-air sites near water would also have served as prime locations for serial predation by large carnivores to ambush prey—a situation that, over time, can mimic archaeological bone accumulations. The taphonomic and zooarchaeological signatures of carnivore serial predation at Ngamo Pan show marked similarities with the open-air faunal accumulation from Kalkbank, a late Pleistocene site in Limpopo Province, South Africa, located along the margins of a relict pan. Many potential archaeological sites within the interior of southern Africa dating to the Middle Stone Age are known from open-air settings near permanent or ephemeral bodies of water, and the ability to decipher between hominin and non-hominin carnivore involvement with bone accumulations is paramount in determining the hunting and scavenging behaviors of our early ancestors. As much of our understanding of hominin subsistence during the Middle Stone Age is drawn from coastal cave locations, this study is intended to encourage a broadening of our perspective on the taphonomic histories of faunal accumulations dating to the Middle Stone Age by incorporating supplementary evidence provided by these open-air sites. 相似文献
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士绅的坚守与权变:清代苏州潘氏家族的家风与心态研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
苏州潘氏是徽商后裔,亦是江南著名的科第世家。潘氏家族发展过程中所形成的科举与经商迭相为用的二元价值观、学宗宋儒与讲究实用的家学传统,既是明清以来,尤其是晚清士商相混的结果,也是徽州和苏州两种不同地域文化整合的结果。而潘氏族人慎言慎行如履薄冰的仕途实践经验、行善与积福密切相连的因果报应观,则生动地反映了清代江南上层士绅的行为方式和源自于社会生活的伦理道德观。 相似文献
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[口白]畁盉出于山西,应为西周穆恭时期器。此器铭之“[口白]畁”应是器主。《左传·昭公十五年》说,诸侯受封皆受明器于王室……故能薦彝器于王之礼,由本铭可以得到验证。“ ”字应释为“盘”字,此铭文为盔亦可以称为“尊般(盘)盉”提供新证。 相似文献
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Jenifer Van Vleck 《History & Technology》2013,29(1):3-24
In 1957, the United States government provided funding for Pan American World Airways to purchase a 49% share in Afghanistan’s national airline, Ariana Afghan Airlines. While unusual in its scope, the arrangement was part of a broader program of US technical assistance, administered jointly by government agencies and private corporations, to newly formed airlines in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1955 and 1965, technical assistance for commercial aviation was critical to the USA’s Cold War strategy to win ‘hearts and minds,’ and to contain Soviet influence, in the developing world. Using Ariana as a case study, this article examines what was at stake for the USA – politically, economically, and culturally – in aviation technical assistance projects. However, the article also argues that such projects should be seen as instances of ‘co‐production,’ in which recipients of technical assistance exploited superpower rivalries and actively shaped the airplane’s uses and meanings. 相似文献
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This article argues that Virgil's Fourth Eclogue can in part be understood in light of the influence of the Eleusinian Mysteries on Roman religion. In particular, it argues that the child can be compared with Ploutos and that the return of the Virgo reflects the myth of Persephone. The myths of Demeter at Eleusis are assimilated to the Roman myth of a golden age under the rule of Saturnus. The return of Persephone from the Underworld and the birth of the child signify an end to war. The possible significance of the poem to Augustan propaganda is also discussed. 相似文献