宁波地区两晋墓葬发掘与研究

20世纪50年代以来,宁波地区两晋墓葬发掘已不下百座,通过对这些墓葬的分布状况、形制结构、营造方式、纪年铭刻、随葬器物、装饰风格等的分析,反映出该地区两晋墓葬的特点以及流行的丧葬习俗。     

殷墟车子遗迹及甲骨金文中的车字

商代甲骨文、金文中“车”字的几种字形及有关的记载,对我们发掘、研究殷墟出土的车子遗迹很有帮助,如曲衡马车的发现、车试及不同形式车厢的清理、车辙的研究等,都是受到甲骨文、金文中“车”字资料的启发,而使发掘与研究工作取得了更好的效果。     

‘The Social’ and Beyond: Introducing Actor-Network Theory

In recent years, it has been suggested (e.g. TAG 2002, 2006; IKUWA3 2008) that it is necessary for the discipline to move beyond the study of ships and boats towards the ‘wider social contexts’ of seafaring and maritime activity. This paper investigates the contours of ‘social’ as an object of study. Two questions are asked: (1) how is this object defined within sociology, classical and contemporary social theory, and archaeology; and (2) what is the status of nonhumans, physical-material things, artefacts, plants, animals, etc.? After taking a look at several different theories, it is argued that it is not necessary for us to move beyond ships and boats. Instead, an alternative approach is offered, one that allows us to move beyond the restrictive ontology of the social.     

Simple Models for Inelastic Seismic Analysis of Asymmetric Multistory RC Buildings

A simple stick model is presented for the inelastic seismic analysis in 3D of two-way eccentric multistory RC buildings. It has 3 DoFs per floor, point hinges at the ends of the vertical elements connecting floors, elastic story stiffness derived from the corresponding story force-interstory deformation relations of the elastic 3D structure under inverted-triangular floor loading (by torques for torsional stiffness, by horizontal forces for the lateral ones), story yield forces derived from the total resistant shear of the story vertical elements, but no coupling between lateral and torsional inelasticity. It is evaluated on the basis of comparisons of response histories of floor displacements to those from full nonlinear models in 3D of four actual buildings. Alternative locations of the story vertical element with respect to the floor mass center are examined: (a) the floor “center of twist” of the elastic 3D building under inverted-triangular floor torques; (b) the story “effective center of rigidity,” through which application of inverted triangular lateral forces does not induce twisting of floors; (c) the centroid of the secant stiffness of the story vertical members at yielding and (d) the centroid of the lateral force resistance of story vertical elements. Among alternatives (a)–(d), the floor “center of twist” provides the best agreement with floor displacement response-histories from full 3D nonlinear models. This means that the static eccentricity that matters for torsional response may be taken as that of the floor “center of twist.” The center of resistance comes up as the second-best choice.     

也谈弓形器的形制及相关问题

弓形器是商周时期用于挂缰的挂缰钩,有窄背和宽背两种。窄背类弓形器部分出自人骨腰部,在蒙古鹿石中相类的器物均挂于腰间并与弓及弓袋共出,因此其应挂在腰带上。车马坑中多放置宽背类弓形器并多置于车厢内,在鹿石中还见将辔系于车厢上的马车形象,因此一部分宽背类弓形器应绑缚在车厢前部用以挂辔。     

从西周金文看汉字构形方式的演化

不同时代各种结构类型字分布比例的不同,反映了字构形方式的演化。殷商时期是以表意的构形方式为主。西周金中,形声结构明显高于表意结构的比例,这表明西周时期汉字构形是以形声构形方式为主。如果就新增字来看,可以说西周时期形声构形方式几乎就是唯一能产的构形方式。     

三种铁质文物脱盐处理对表面锈层影响的对比研究

<正>铁质文物在长期埋藏期间,随着腐蚀的进行,土壤中的可溶性盐类就会被结合在表面的锈层中。研究证明,这些盐类,尤其是氯离子(Cl~-),对于铁质文物出土后的腐蚀有促进作用。因此,在铁质文物保护工作中,脱盐处     

Rocking Behavior of Irregular Free-Standing Objects Subjected to Earthquake Motion

Free-standing rigid objects and structures are dominantly found to exhibit rocking behavior and can be vulnerable to overturning during an earthquake as demonstrated by numerous past earthquake events. Such objects are typically considered to be displacement sensitive with their rocking response being well presented by the Peak Displacement Demand (PDD) parameter of the supporting floor’s motion. This in turn can be directly related to an object’s width (along the direction of motion) for assessing its vulnerability to overturn. Such findings have been sufficiently justified by refined dynamic analysis supported by experimental evaluations which were based on rigid blocks with uniform geometric format (i.e., regular in their mass distribution). However, vulnerable rocking objects can be asymmetric and accordingly their sensitivity to floor displacement cannot be directly related to their width. The key parameter which defines irregular objects’ response to rocking motion is represented by the degree of eccentricity of their center of mass. In this study, the well-known rocking equation of motion is reconfigured and devised to model the rocking responses for 280 irregular objects undergoing eight earthquake motions which included artificial and recorded earthquakes. Analytical results obtained from solving the adjusted equation of motion were evaluated with sophisticated finite element (FE) models simulating the 280 irregular cases. This experimentally validated FE modeling approach was found to be time- and cost-effective for understating the rocking behavior of asymmetric objects as well as clarifying an interesting relationship between the object’s damping level and the condition of the supporting base (i.e., whether being provided with supports at the points of rotation or not). The rocking response of irregular objects was found to be highly influenced by the level of eccentricity of the object when excited by motions with high displacement amplitudes, while such influence was not found noticeable by wider objects. Based on the developed trends between the maximum top displacement of irregular objects and the PDD, an expression for estimating the rocking amplitudes is proposed which is a function of the object’s eccentricity.     

Comparison of Nonlinear Static Methods for the Seismic Assessment of Plan Irregular Frame Buildings with Non Seismic Details

The use of Nonlinear Static Procedures (NSPs) for the seismic assessment of plan irregular buildings is challenging. The most common pushover-based approaches have led to adequate results in regular buildings, and hence, there is a need to verify the validity of such methods on the assessment of irregular structures. In this article, four commonly used nonlinear static procedures (CSM, N2, MPA, ACSM) are applied on the assessment of two existing five- and eight-story plan-asymmetric buildings in Turkey. The accuracy of the different NSPs is evaluated through comparisons with the results derived from nonlinear dynamic analyses. The results are presented in terms of interstory drifts, normalized top displacements, lateral displacement profiles, chord rotations, base shear, and top displacement ratios. The performance of such procedures in evaluating the damage limitation according to the Eurocode8 is also verified. Special attention is given to the ACSM (Adaptive Capacity Spectrum Method) whose performance in 3D plan irregular buildings has recently been tested. Conclusions about the performance of each NSP are outlined at the end of the article.