An Explicit Integration Scheme for Solving Dynamic Problems of Solid and Porous Media

In this article, an explicit integration scheme for dynamic finite element analysis is developed and the formulations for linear elastic solid and two-phase porous media are derived. The accuracy and stability characteristics analyses show this scheme is second-order accurate, which is the same as the Central Difference Method (CDM), and possesses a broader scope of stability within the range of normal damping ratios of media. Comparing with the CDM, this explicit scheme requires no matrix factorization even if a non diagonal damping matrix is included. Therefore, the dynamic finite element equations can be integrated economically provided that the mass matrix is diagonal. To demonstrate the validity of the present scheme, three examples are provided. First, taking a single-degree-of-freedom system as an example, the results obtained by the proposed scheme are compared with the exact solutions. Second, the dynamic responses of half-space saturated porous media, subjected to a concentrated load pulse at the surface, are analyzed. Both examples show that the results obtained by the proposed scheme agree well with the analytical solutions. Finally, the dynamic responses of a plane strain plate due to a load pulse are analyzed, respectively, by the proposed procedure and the commercial code ABAQUS (both implicit module and explicit module), and the CPU costs are compared.     

Dynamic Interaction between Rigid Foundations on Multi-layered Stratum

This article concerns the cross-interaction problem among multi-foundations on a linearly viscoelastic medium at very small shear strains. In the analysis, the foundations are discretized into a number of sub square-elements. The dynamic response within each sub-element is described by the Green’s function, which is obtained by the Fourier-Bessel transform and the precise integration method. Incorporating the displacement boundary condition and the force equilibrium of the foundations, it obtains the dynamic impedance and compliance functions of the foundations. Extensive results for two rigid circular foundations placed at different separations are presented. Parametric studies are carried out on the dynamic interaction among adjacent foundations. Illustrative results for several closely spaced foundations are also illustrated.     

Networking Europe

The paper explores processes of transnational network building in Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries. The first section reviews several relevant literatures. It concludes that historiographies of Europe often recognize the pivotal importance of transnational network building, but fail to analyse network developments as well as their entanglement with wider historical processes. Specialized infrastructure studies exist in economic and technological history, but have a distinct (sub)national focus. The networking of Europe has not been investigated. The second section presents a preliminary narrative of transnational network building in the 19th and 20th century. It highlights the relationship between network building and political events in different eras, as well as different types of ambiguities or tensions. The conclusion suggests a number of topics for further research.     

郑汴一体化背景下开封旅游业发展研究

作为一座具有2700多年历史的文化名城,开封旅游业发展取得了不小的业绩;但如果从总体上衡量,开封的旅游发展还处于初级提升的景点经济阶段.＂十一五＂规划中的郑汴一体化战略将为开封旅游的繁荣提供重大的发展机遇.面对机遇,开封应该调整旅游发展战略,依托郑州庞大的客源市场和便利的交通优势,改革景区（点）机制、筹建文化大市场、净化旅游大环境、建立强有力的旅游管理体制、进一步明确旅游城市定位,争取在规划期内实现开封旅游经济的全面振兴.     

试论日伪的东亚联盟运动

日本侵华战争期间,在日本国内和中国伪政权统治区曾分别形成了规模庞大的东亚联盟运动。东亚联盟运动以“王道主义”为指导理念,以“国防共同、经济一体化、政治独立、文化沟通”为基本内容,从思想上、文化上为日本独占中国、称霸世界的目的服务。日本的东亚联盟以尊重中国的“政治独立”相标榜,比日本国内其他侵略理论和“兴亚”运动更加具有欺骗性。汪精卫伪国民政府的东亚联盟运动则与新国民运动相配合,旨在加强伪政权的统治,为投敌行径制造理论根据。     

Identifying integrative built environments in the archaeological record: An application of New Urban Design Theory to ancient urban spaces

Ancient Maya settlement patterns have long been described as dispersed. Instances of low-density or dispersed urbanism among agrarian-based societies are common in tropical civilizations, and are of particular interest due to their expressed problem of social integration. Traditionally, archaeologists have focused on classic hallmarks of state integration, including force, infrastructural control, large-scale ritual, and kinship; thus, reflecting the polar extremes of integration. Current models accord a more multi-scalar and dynamic nature to state and urban organization, and the need to pursue diachronic perspectives that consider more subtle and varied degrees of integration. With regard to settlement, examining the total patch of occupation on a landscape, how it developed, how it was divided up, and in turn brought together, is of interest. In this study I apply criteria developed in New Urban Design Theory, a body of thought and practice concerned with modern-day issues of dispersed and low density settlement, to evaluate an architectural complex at the Classic Maya centre of Buenavista del Cayo, Belize, believed to have functioned as an integrative space within the civic entity.     

Unusual Overshooting in Steady-state Response for Structure-dependent Integration Methods

It is numerically illustrated that an unusual overshooting phenomenon might occur in the solution of a forced vibration response if a structure-dependent integration method is applied to conduct the analysis, such as Chang explicit method [2002] and CR explicit method [2008]. This overshooting may occur in the steady-state response of a high frequency mode and it becomes significant as the natural frequency of the mode increases. This unusual overshooting behavior can be successfully detected by using a local truncation error derived from a forced vibration response rather than a free vibration response. A missing loading term in the difference equation for displacement increment is responsible for this unusual overshoot. It is analytically and numerically verified that the unusual overshooting behavior will automatically disappear after introducing the missing loading term into the difference equation for displacement increment.     

From town to town: how commercial travel connected manufacturers and markets during the industrial revolution

Positioning itself with regards to debates on the role of regionalization in the industrial revolution and on consumer and retailing revolutions, this paper uses the records of John Shaw, hardware factor of Wolverhampton, to examine how commercial travel created real spatial interactions across the industrializing economy of northern England in the period 1810–15. The paper argues that by integrating production and consumption, commercial travel played a vital part in advancing and reconciling the concurrent but apparently conflicting processes of economic regionalization and economic integration that characterized the period. Empirically, the paper contributes original data indicating concrete patterns of interaction across the space economy of early nineteenth century northern England in terms of both ‘routes’ and the intensity of interactions. The empirical material also allows for discussion of customer identities, the structure of geographically dispersed commodity chains and regional variations, if any, the nature of customer relationships.     

小型图书馆的发展问题探讨

阐述了小型图书馆在藏书管理、服务模式、人员编制、经费投入等方面的现状,根据其优势和面临的困境,提出相应对策.在加强科学管理,完善基础建设,注重人才培养等之外,还要拓展服务空间.随着数字化、网络化进程的发展,图书、情报、档案一体化是小型图书馆发展的必然趋势.而各种文献信息的数字化是一体化的前提和关键.在一体化的基础上,以单位科研项目、研究人员为本,对文献信息进行深层次开发,提供高效、创新的知识服务,是提升小型图书馆服务功能的重点.     

Proving Fishers Right. Effects of the Integration of Experience-Based Knowledge in Ecosystem-Based Management

Abstract

This article discusses effects of and drivers behind the current integration of experience-based knowledge in management. The case in point is production and integration of fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) in coastal zone management in Norway. The article discusses how the principles of social justice and protection of biodiversity drive FEK integration, through analysing a case of conflict between small-scale fishers and cod farming in Storfjord, northern Norway. The case became known for the appearance of deformed “monster cod” which supported the fishers' claims that fish farming was harmful to the environment and thus also to the indigenous Sami culture. Assessing how FEK was judged in terms of its credibility, legitimacy and saliency, the article argues that the criteria by which FEK is judged are different from how other types of policy-relevant knowledge is judged. In addition to being scientifically credible, its quality as age-old knowledge derived from interaction with the environment increases its influence on management decisions in biodiversity conservation controversies where fishers' and managers' interests coincide. The article concludes that integration of FEK in management both fulfils goals of protection of biodiversity and social justice, which makes it harder to ignore in socially and environmentally controversial contexts in the future.