南阳春秋彭射墓出土青铜兵器初探

南阳春秋彭射墓出土兵器中包括有铁援铜戈、铜铍、铜殳、锥形铜镞等少见器物,在同期墓葬中并不常见。其中铁援铜戈的制作工艺与前期同类器物有着一脉相承的工艺技术。出土的铜殳和铜铍皆为春秋时期同类器物中的较早类型,又有所区别,有着地域性特征。圆锥头形铜镞镂空的装饰手法在同类镞中也较为罕见。这些青铜兵器含有较多楚文化风格,但也不乏淮河上游地区文化因素。     

南京滨江开发区吴墓出土“建衡元年”买地券补释

南京滨江开发区吴墓出土建衡元年买地券券文中未释读、误读或漏读的部分,可补释校订为十一月丁巳朔、丹杨、卜安冢宅、从地主古糸买地、糸卖承买、先立可信等。虽然券文从形式到内容仿照现实生活中的地契,但其中的面积、地价和地主姓名仍有可能出于虚构。     

墓与塔——宋墓中仿木建筑雕饰的来源

本文将晚唐至宋代墓葬中的仿木建筑雕饰与隋唐时期的地上建筑——仿木砖塔的装饰相联系,推断宋墓中流行的仿木建筑雕饰最早应是受到地上仿木砖塔建筑装饰的影响。     

The painting of the Etruscan “Tomba della Quadriga Infernale” (4th century BC), in Sarteano (Siena, Italy): technical features

This work presents the results of an investigation of the painting technique used in the Etruscan tomb “Tomba della Quadriga Infernale”. This tomb was discovered in Sarteano (Siena, Italy) in October 2003 and dated back to the second half of the 4th century BC. Red, dark red, pink, yellow, white, black, and grey colours were used in the tomb in order to create paintings, which now represent a very precious record of the Etruscan art of wall painting in a hypogeal environment. The technical features of the painting were revealed by stratigraphy using optical and electronic microscopy. The components and preparatory layers of the painted areas were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). XRD, SEM-EDS, and optical microscopic techniques were also used for mineralogical analysis of the rock substrate. The SEM-EDS and FTIR analyses showed that red and yellow ochre, calcite, and vegetable charcoal were used to paint the walls of the tomb: the pigments, either alone or mixed together, were utilized to produce pure colours (red, yellow, white, and black) and intermediate tonalities (pink, dark red, and grey). SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XRD highlighted that the painting was made on a preparatory layer of calcite, applied onto a levelling material made up of calcite, clay minerals, quartz, and iron oxides. GC/MS analyses revealed that egg was used as an organic binder to disperse the pigments.     

试析战国时期巴蜀文化的墓葬形制

文章通过对战国巴蜀文化的墓葬形制的分析,对墓葬可能存在的等级进行划分,并探讨等级在不同时期的变化及原因.     

盱眙东阳汉墓两件木胎漆器髹漆工艺探讨

江苏盱眙县境内的东阳秦汉古墓群是一处重要的秦汉遗址.迄今为止,墓葬出土了大批精美的漆器,为了解汉代广陵国髹漆工艺提供了珍贵的资料.为了解其髹漆工艺特点,采用了切片技术、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和傅立叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)等分析方法对其中两件木胎漆器进行了分析研究.漆膜切片显示素色漆器的漆膜由漆灰层和黑色漆层构成,而彩绘漆器由三层结构组成.分别为灰地、底漆层和色漆层;XRD图谱发现漆灰层中的填料主要为石英(AiO2)和钠长石(NaAISi3O8),漆膜中的红色颜料为朱砂(HgS);红色漆膜的XRF显示了其主要元素是Hg和S,包括Ca、Si、Cu和Fe等微量元素.漆膜的FTIR分析数据显示漆膜中在1630cm-1和1576cm-1处存在着可能是苯环骨架振动的红外吸收峰.研究结果说明了本地髹漆工艺主要分为三个步骤:1)髹漆灰,漆灰层是由生漆调和研磨成细粒的钠长石矿物构成,它能制作出厚度约0.1～0.2 mm薄漆灰层;2)髹底漆,厚度约为0.02～0.09 mm;3)彩绘,红色漆膜中的颜料为朱砂,朱砂含有微量的Ca、Si、Cu和Fe等杂质,表明其来自矿采.     

慕容忠墓出土陶质文物彩绘工艺及材质分析研究

慕容忠墓是吐谷浑王族墓葬群中目前发掘等级最高的墓葬。墓葬出土了彩绘立人俑、骑马俑等一批造型精美、色彩鲜艳的彩绘陶质文物。本工作运用超景深显微镜观察、X射线荧光光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、拉曼光谱分析、热裂解气相色谱-质谱联用等方法,探究了这些文物的结构、颜料和胶结材料。结果表明:绘制工艺有胎体—颜料层、胎体—打底层—颜料层两种;颜料种类包括铅丹、石绿、靛蓝、朱砂、方解石等;有机胶结材料为动物胶。分析结果为古代彩绘陶质文物制作材料和工艺的研究提供了方法参考,同时也为相关文物的保护修复提供了材料信息,对彩绘陶质文物保护具有重要意义。     

邳州车夫山汉画像石墓初步研究

江苏邳州车夫山汉墓是一座绘画内容繁缛、雕刻精美的画像石墓。该墓墓葬形制较为完整,砖石混合结构,有东汉中晚期墓葬特点。对图像资料的内容进行了分类和阐释。     

寿县李三孤堆楚器的研究与探索

本文介绍了李三孤堆楚墓所出青铜器的流散和收藏慵况,回顾了自20世纪30年代初至今学者们对这批楚器的研究历程及成果,并从铭文释读、器物形制、器群主人及其埋葬环境几方面分别阐述了各家之说,最后通过回顾和分析总结出目前这一研究中存在的问题,提出了深入进行这一研究的重要意义,并指出了今后的研究方向。