Franciscan inquisition and mendicant rivalry in mid-thirteenth-century Marseille

Although Dominicans are more widely studied as the work force behind medieval inquisitions, Franciscan friars began to act as inquisitors of heretical depravity within Provence and elsewhere by the mid-thirteenth century. In this article, the testimony of a Marseille priest, Master Durand, found in the Archives Départementales de Vaucluse Cordeliers d'Avignon 24 H 3, reveals much about the period of political intrigue within the commune of Marseille when the order of Friars Minor first assumed control of the inquisition within the county of Provence. The testimony exposes the tensions between members of the Dominican convent at Marseille and the Franciscan inquisitors as the Franciscans sought to establish themselves as heresy inquisitors in the region and as both mendicant orders sought to retain the approval of the count of Provence, Charles I of Anjou.     

初中政治课探究式教学中的教师作用例谈

政治学科不同于自然科学,其探究问题的结论有政策倾向性。教师对探究问题所得出的结论的强调是其主导作用发挥的关键阶段,其作用至关重要。教师应注意升华问题,深层次地把握关键点。能否做到这一点,明显反映了一个教师进行探究式课堂教学角色发挥水平的高低。     

再谈中专诗歌教学

在当今中等职业学校的语文教学中,诗歌应该得到更多的重视和关注。本文以教授课文《声声慢》和《孔雀东南飞》为例,从诗歌教学的诵读和探究两个方面进一步阐述了如何使诗歌教学收到良好的效果,激发学生更大的学习热情。     

“智礼之争”——从康熙朝“历狱”看清初中西文化冲突简

晚明清初是中国历史上一个动荡时代,尤其在思想上探求真知的科学思想逐渐兴起,入华传教士带来的西方先进的科技知识与中国知识阶层的传统观念产生了直接的正面冲突,清初关于改订历法的论争是中西文化冲突的集中表现,在这一论争中守旧派以捍卫“礼法圣教”为借口制造了中国天文历算史上少有的酷烈冤狱。虽然康熙平反冤狱,可保守派却依然占据着道德上的制高点,知识精英没有能够真正冲破礼教的桎梏,最终中西文化上的尖锐冲突使中国丧失了汲取西方有益文明成果的机会。     

Mendicants as victims: scale,scope and the idiom of violence

This article establishes the scale of violence perpetrated against mendicant friars in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Europe, and provides a list of these events in an on-line appendix. It underscores and analyses the wide variety of contexts in which such incidents took place and examines the ramifications for the history of the mendicant orders and medieval urban society generally. Violence was a subtler form of communicative action than is sometimes recognised, and the paper points to the inverse relationship between power and violence in medieval urban conflicts.     

初中数学教学“探究式学习”研究

学生创造性思维的产生,有赖于心理自由。建立和谐、民主的学习氛围,便是为学生营造探究式学习的快乐天地,激起学生自主学习的欲望,使学生成为学习的真正主人。将自己对数学的探究内化为一种需要,一种乐趣和一种强的内驱力。     

Mendicants as victims: scale,scope and the idiom of violence

This article establishes the scale of violence perpetrated against mendicant friars in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Europe, and provides a list of these events in an on-line appendix. It underscores and analyses the wide variety of contexts in which such incidents took place and examines the ramifications for the history of the mendicant orders and medieval urban society generally. Violence was a subtler form of communicative action than is sometimes recognised, and the paper points to the inverse relationship between power and violence in medieval urban conflicts.     

初中历史教学如何体现艺术性

科学的、适当的教学方法,是新的教育教学理念的具体体现,是达成教学目标的具体途径。教师应在充分掌握本学科特点的基础上,使学生自觉的、多方面捕获历史信息,增强学生的兴趣和提高学生的积极性,形成健全的人格和健康的审美情趣,为树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观打下良好的基础。     

Spain violated: foreign men in Spain's heartland

The process of colonial expansion in the sixteenth century fundamentally changed Spanish culture. Along with race, religion, ethnicity, status and honour, definitions of proper gendered and sexual behaviour changed as well. This article argues that Spanish communities and institutions came to define foreign men as examples of a subordinate and dangerous masculinity. The threat that foreign male sexuality posed to Spanish women and thus Spanish patriarchy – not only in the colonies, but within Spain itself – led institutions to prosecute foreign men. This essay draws on the language used in Inquisition and ecclesiastical court cases against foreign men as well as in Spanish literature of the period.     

The Inquisition and prohibited sexual artwork in late colonial Mexico

The manufacturing or distribution of pornographic materials was among the many crimes pursued by the Holy Office. Twenty-one denunciations of illicit sexual artwork from 1750 to 1820 are housed in Mexico's Archivo General de la Nación. The items range from illustrations and prints of men and women in sexualized poses to elaborate and ingenious etchings and paintings on watches and jewelry boxes. The protagonists in this article include denouncers, witnesses, and suspects, inquisitors, qualifiers, and other church agents, and producers, sellers, and consumers of prohibited artwork. These cases provide valuable information on the sexual culture of Mexico City's urban leisure class. Those accused of selling and purchasing illegal art did not view themselves as libertines or free thinkers who advocated sexual experimentation. Nor did they advocate anti-Christian or anti-establishment sentiments. Inquisitors did not demonstrate the same fears and anxieties about erotic drawings and artwork that they did with prohibited books, nor did they conflate eroticism and licentiousness with heresy and treason. The consumers of prohibited sexual artwork in late colonial Mexico City seem to have mostly reveled in the excitement of seeing and owning prohibited materials and sharing a good laugh with friends. Neither they nor inquisitors took these items too seriously.