东京审判:中国学界的观察与思考

东京审判作为与中国近代史、中国人民的民族感情和历史记忆息息相关的重要事件,引起中国学界的广泛关注和高度重视。无论与纽伦堡审判的对比研究,还是兼及盟国境内其他审判的综合性研究;无论东京审判相关史料收集、整理与出版,还是从历史学与国际法角度的学术探讨,都反映了不同时期国际关系、时代环境对东京审判研究的影响与制约。随着东京审判外文史料的公开与出版,如何充分利用这些丰富的外文史料,进一步拓宽研究思路和研究领域,不断汲取外国学者的既有研究成果,加强中外学者的对话和开展"共同研究",或将是东京审判研究的一个发展方向。     

我国乡村地理学研究的回顾与展望

乡村地理学作为研究乡村发展过程中人文经济活动与地理环境相互关系的一门学科,有着悠久的历史。在我国,其深入发展则是在七十年代末,随着以家庭联产承包责任制为主体的经济体制改革的推行,乡村社会经济面貌发生了深刻的变化,同时,也出现了大量问题,迫切需要地理学家去研究解决,这种形势为我国乡村地理学提供了广阔的实践天地,并极大地推动了我国乡村地理学的研究进展。
本文从乡村地理学产生的背景出发,回顾了我国近年来乡村地理学的发展过程,同时对我国乡村地理学的主要研究领域进行了阐述,最后本文指出了我国乡村地理学研究存在的主要问题以及今后的发展方向。     

《每周评论》时期高一涵政治思想研究

<每周评论>对推动五四时期舆论界的进步起了极为重要的作用.作为新文化运动重要领导人物的高一涵,在<每周评论>上发表了许多文章,其政治思想表现为反对日本帝国主义的侵略,抨击军阀的黑暗统治,追求理想的民主政治,导引着进步舆论的前进.研究<每周评论>时期高一涵的政治思想,对于深化五四时期思想的研究,恢复高一涵的历史地位,有着重大的学术意义.     

现代评论派政治理念及其困境探析

现代评论派作为自由主义政治派别,通过政论时评积极宣扬其政治理念,内容主要包括个人自由观、法治观、渐进改良观、精英政治观等,不过囿于现实社会的黑暗与压迫,和政治理念本身的软弱,最终导致现代评论派陷入"无地自由"的尴尬境地。通过考察现代评论派政治理念的成因和表现,以及其政治理念所面临的困境,将有助于剖析自由主义知识分子群体的政治态度和思想文化,为探究自由主义思潮在近代中国的流变提供一个入手的角度。     

Dairy Farming and Milk Marketing Relationships in the CIS

A team of Western and CIS agricultural economists presents the results of a cross-national survey of 916 dairy farms located in Armenia, Moldova, and Ukraine. The focus on milk marketing and supply chain relationships reflects their importance as determinants of farmers' welfare. Survey findings cover herd sizes, milk yields, investment activities, prices, sales to processors, and relationships with and support from buyers. An analysis of farmer satisfaction based on use of an ordered probit model, highlights the significance of trust and support measures. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, P32, Q13. 8 tables, 37 references.     

马家浜文化研究的回顾与展望——纪念马家浜遗址发现45周年

从考古学发展现状和趋势的国际视野,回顾马家浜文化研究历史,展望这一领域今后应当努力的方向。其中包括借鉴和采用新的理论方法,更新考古学文化概念的内涵,从生存方式、社会结构和意识形态三个方面,深入了解新石器时代早期社会的独特性和一般发展趋势。     

Political Culture in the Holy Roman Empire

This article reviews six essay collections and one monographon late medieval and early modern political culture in the HolyRoman Empire. Following a general survey of historiographicaltrends and a discussion of the specific contributions of theworks under review (covering topics from international relations,state formation and the role of language to representative assembliesand the exercise of power in towns and villages), it attemptsa preliminary sketch of the basic parameters of pre-modern politics.Prominent insights include shifts in the balance between oral,ritual and written communication, the significance of informalbonds and the negotiated quality of developments at all levelsof government. The conclusion assesses the potential of the‘new’ political history and calls for renewed effortsto link discourses, representations and perceptions to the norms,structures and socio-economic conditions with which they interacted.     

North Korea’s participation in the Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights

North Korea’s participation in the UNHRC’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR)—a peer review in which states make recommendations to one another for improving human rights implementation—is a notable exception to its rejection of other human rights mechanisms. What explains North Korea’s willing participation in the UPR? This essay analyses North Korea’s participation in the first (2008–11) and second (2012–15) UPR cycles through its written submissions, responses to recommendations, and recommendations to other states. It finds that North Korea has consistently accepted weak recommendations, rejected more specific policy changes, and implemented accepted recommendations on a limited basis, allowing it to claim compliance with human rights at minimal cost. The UPR’s reliance on states’ self-reports and its inability to adjudicate competing factual claims allow North Korea to reject claims of egregious abuses, openly advocate for a radically state-centric vision of human rights, and challenge the legitimacy of human rights mechanisms like the Commission of Inquiry and Special Rapporteur while building support from other states with similar views. Notably, the Commission of Inquiry appears to have motivated North Korea to increase its cooperation with the UPR, demonstrating that the UPR complements but cannot replace other UN human rights mechanisms.     

北宋前期审刑院与宰相的司法复审权

审刑院设立于宋太宗淳化二年,罢废于神宗元丰三年,专门负责天下上奏的疑难案件的复审工作,是北宋前期国家最高司法机构之一。审刑院的设立,对宰相的司法权产生了很大的影响,双方对中央司法复审权的争夺十分激烈:在宋初,宰相拥有充分的司法复审权;太宗淳化二年审刑院设立后,宰相淡出司法复审领域,审刑院完全掌握了复审权;从仁宗中期开始,随着相权的整体攀升,宰相的司法权不断扩大,最终使审刑院由独立于宰相到沦为其附属。     

《独立评论》的社员及其主要撰稿人

关于《独立评论》的社员曾有不同的说法,但都不确.综合各种资料可知,最初的社员是:胡适、丁文江、蒋廷黻、傅斯年、翁文灏、任鸿隽、陈衡哲、竹垚生、吴涛鸣、周炳琳、顾湛然;后补的社员是:吴景超、周诒春、张奚若、何廉、张忠绂、陈之迈、陈岱孙、顾一樵、陈受颐.而从各自的经历、职业和主张来看,《独立评论》的社员和主要撰稿人大都是具有自由主义倾向的知识分子.