《楝亭集》未收录的曹寅诗三首

清人邓汉仪《诗观二集》中辑录了曹寅诗三首,出于其未刊诗稿《野鹤堂草》,因诗稿迷失,《楝亭集》未收。     

An Alternative Approach to Canadian House of Commons Reform

Empowering backbench Members of Parliament in order to restore the effectiveness of the House of Commons has been a central theme in Canadian parliamentary reform for at least fifty years, but results are widely seen as disappointing. This article argues that unrealistic expectations, fostered by adherence to a traditional conception of the Westminster model of representative and responsible government, are part of the problem. A modernized conception of parliamentary government, recognizing the House as a forum for competing political parties between elections, could help us to better understand the House and improve its contribution to democratic governance. The proposed approach suggests innovative procedural options for legislative debate, Question Period, and other activities. It also offers a consistent basis for addressing issues such as floor-crossing, coalitions, and prorogations. More broadly, it points to the need for an integrated approach to the House, elections, political parties, public education, and citizen engagement in order to respond to contemporary democratic challenges.     

《酉阳杂俎》点校订补

1981年中华书局出版的方南生先生校点本《酉阳杂俎》是目前唯一一本既有校又有点的《酉阳杂俎》本子,也可以说是目前最好的《酉阳杂俎》本子。但是此本在点校方面也存在着一些诸如失校、误校、标点错误等方面的问题,本在参照脉望馆本、《学津》本、《津逮》本、《稗海》本的基础上,力求对方先生本子的校点作部分订补。     

Fish and crayfish from the Washpool Midden site,New Zealand: Their use in determining season of occupation and prehistoric fishing methods

A method is suggested whereby modern ecological information on fish behaviour and distribution, together with commercial catch figures, may be used to assess season of occupation of archaeological sites. Monthly catch probabilities for each species are scaled by minimum numbers from prehistoric osteological assemblages to yield an overall likelihood of the fish being caught at different months of the year. A test case on two assemblages from Palliser Bay, New Zealand, suggested year-round habitation, and this was consistent with individual qualitative seasonal markers. The fishbone evidence can also be used to comment on aspects of prehistoric technology connected with marine foods, such as the use of canoes, baited traps, long line hauling, rock fishing and seine netting. In addition, the fish information substantiated subtle environmental changes which are believed to have taken place in this region.     

Effects of site lithology on geochemical signatures of human occupation in archaeological house plans in the Netherlands

This study presents the application of multi-element soil analyses (X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy of 1 M HCl extracts) to grid samples from 3 archaeological house plans embedded in sandy clays, clays and sands to assess effects of site lithology on geochemical signatures of human occupation.     

领略贵州古村落风韵

引言：最近,受清华大学陈志华、李秋香两教授的邀请,我参与《中华古村落》大系的编撰工作。每省一卷,我承担贵州卷。每卷收录20个古村落,每个村落3000字,20幅照片。另外,写一篇一万字的《分卷序》。在此基础上,我撰写了《领略贵州古村落风韵》一文,主要介绍贵州古村落的自然环境、历史流年、地域特点、民族特色、美丽外观、鲜明个性、丰富的内涵等等。     

“世家”解

“世家”——世世永祭之庙。西周以来,礼制规定诸侯五庙——始祖庙、高祖庙、曾祖庙、祖庙、父庙。后四者为亲庙,前一庙为始庙。亲庙每世一迁,四世之后即行毁轶,不再祭祀;而始庙则世世永祭,因此得称“世家”。孔子受世世祭祀、陈涉被明令置守冢三十家,因此他们均享有世世永祭之庙,他们都被列入了“世家”。     

An ongoing Austronesian expansion in Island Southeast Asia

The Austronesian expansion into Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific was the last and most far-reaching prehistoric human migration. Austronesian languages replaced indigenous languages over nearly half the globe, yet the absolute number of Austronesian colonists was small. Recently, geneticists have identified large geographic disparities in the relative proportions of Asian ancestry across different genetic systems (NRY, mitochondrial DNA, autosomes and X chromosomes) in Austronesian-speaking societies of Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Surprisingly, a substantial genetic discontinuity occurs in the middle of a continuous chain of islands that form the southern arc of the Indonesian archipelago, near the geographic center of the Austronesian world. In the absence of geographic barriers to migration, this genetic boundary and swathe of Austronesian language replacement must have emerged from social behavior. Drawing on decades of comparative ethnological research inspired by F.A.E. van Wouden’s structural model of Austronesian social organization, later codified by Claude Lévi-Strauss as “House societies” (“sociétés à maison”), we propose a two-stage ethnographic model in which the appearance of matrilocal “House societies” during the initial phase of the Austronesian expansion, and the subsequent disappearance of “House societies” in lowland rice-growing regions, accounts for the observed linguistic, genetic and cultural patterns.     

明四夷馆中日本馆译语编撰考

明四夷馆是中国最早培养翻译人员的专门机构,四夷馆设立于明永乐年间,初设时有八馆,没有专设日本馆,其从属于何馆,史料记载不一。在明四夷馆的翻译教材会同馆本《华夷译语》中,出现了13馆译语,其中包括日本馆。虽然无法确切推断日本馆设立的时间,但是可以通过对《华夷译语》的研究推测出日本馆译语的大致编撰时间。     

NAḤAL ZERED IN THE BIBLE AND THE BARAITA DE-TEḤUMIN

Abstract

As a result of a mistaken interpretation of the Madaba map, biblical Na?al Zered is often identified in the scholarship as Wādi al-?sā, which marks the boundary between Moab and Edom southeast of the Dead Sea. In reality, the brook of Zered does not appear on the Madaba map and the sole documentary evidence available for its identification is the Bible, which situates Na?al Zered near Na?al Arnon. The author proposes Wādi Nkheile, which spills into the Arnon from the southeast, as the most likely candidate for the biblical Zered. This identification perhaps also sheds light on the conflicting biblical sources regarding the question of whether or not the Moabites allowed the Israelites to pass through their territory en route to Canaan. In the postbiblical era Na?al Zered appears in the boundaries baraita (baraita de-te?umin) as part of the eastern border of the land of Israel and the article demonstrates that the identification of Na?al Zered as Wādi Nkheile is consistent with the geographical logic of the baraita.