明代武昌府城江岸修筑的初步研究

在明代,由于水患频发和长江主泓变动等原因,湖广武昌府城沿江江岸屡屡崩陷,当地政府遂启动江岸修筑工程。考诸史志,明代武昌府城的江岸修筑主要约有四次,分别是正统七年(1442)、成化三年(1467)、万历十七年(1589)和万历三十四年(1606)。最终修成的江岸,自武昌府城南门望山门外(今武昌解放路南端解放桥附近)起,向西折至江边,又沿江边中经黄鹤矶向下游延伸至坛角地区(今武昌和平大道武汉工人文化宫以西),长约5公里。这条堤岸确定了武昌城沿江江岸的基线,将武昌城的城市空间扩展到江边,并延续至今。     

Assessment of Effects of Reductions of Lateral Stiffness along Height on Buildings Modeled as Elastic Cantilever Shear Beams

A simplified model useful for assessing economic losses due to moderate seismicity events in urban areas has been developed by studying the behavior of buildings before yielding their structural system, allowing for nonuniform stiffness along their height. In particular, buildings are modeled as cantilever shear beams with uniform mass and parabolic reduction of lateral stiffness. This particular stiffness distribution is relevant, as it could be expected to occur in buildings where earthquake action is a critical structural design criterion. The equation of motion governing the dynamic behavior of the proposed model is solved analytically, finding mode shapes in terms of first and second zero-order Legendre functions. The solution is verified by comparing it with results obtained from fine mesh finite element models. The effect of reducing the lateral stiffness is then studied in the first five modes of vibration. Results include modal periods, mode shapes, modal participation factors, and derivatives of mode shapes. In general, it is found that effects of reduction of lateral stiffness in mode shapes are moderate when the lateral stiffness in the free end is smaller than about seventy percent of the lateral stiffness at the fixed end, but become significant for larger reductions. Effects are particularly important for the derivative of the mode shapes, which could play a significant role in estimating interstory drift demands in buildings. Model usefulness is showcased by analyzing a test case where both acceleration and drift demands are assessed by considering uniform beams and beams with parabolic stiffness variation, finding notable improvements by considering the latter.     

Controlled Rocking CLT Walls for Buildings in Regions of Moderate Seismicity: Design Procedure and Numerical Collapse Assessment

Controlled rocking heavy timber walls are designed to rock on their foundations in response to earthquakes. For regions of moderate seismicity, it is proposed that this rocking behaviour can be adequately controlled using only post-tensioning, even with a large force-reduction factor and no supplemental energy dissipation. This article presents a force-based design procedure for controlled rocking cross-laminated timber walls without supplemental energy dissipation, including a method for estimating higher mode effects. Fragility analyses of three prototype walls demonstrate that the procedure can limit the probability of collapse to <10% during a maximum considered earthquake in a region of moderate seismicity.     

Post-WWI military disarmament and interwar fascism in Sweden

The emergence of anti-democratic movements is a central puzzle to social science. We study a novel and rich historical dataset covering Swedish municipalities during the interwar years and find a strong link between the presence of a military garrison and the emergence of fascist parties. We interpret these results as suggesting that fascist mobilization in Sweden was driven by discontent with the process of disarmament brought about by democratization. In contrast, poor economic conditions, as captured both by levels of and changes in the local poverty rate and tax base, do not explain the strong link between the fascists and military garrisons. We relate these results to influential theories of democratization.     

Method and Memory in the Midwestern "Lincoln Inquiry": Oral Testimony and Abraham Lincoln Studies, 1865 1938

This article narrates the role of oral testimony in the fieldof Abraham Lincoln studies from 1865 through the 1930s. Collectedin the form of letters, affidavits, and face-to-face interviews,this mounting body of "eyewitness evidence" dominated the discoursefor two generations and reflective, public practice culminatedin the organization of a "Lincoln Inquiry" in the Midwest duringthe 1920s and 1930s. For a time, practitioners successfullydefended themselves against increasing positivist assaults onthe credibility of oral testimony. Their interests and effortsresonate with later oral history practice and theory about method,authorship, performance, and memory, and their story highlightsthe contingency inherent in the development of oral historicalpractice in America.     

The political will and the administrative won't? Mathieu Thomassin and his dauphins (Charles III and Louis II)

The delphinal counsellor Mathieu Thomassin composed a Breviere des anciens droys … du Dauphiné de Viennoys (c.1453) after a career of 30 years in the service of Charles III (the French king Charles VII) and Louis II (the future Louis XI). This was his first major historical text in French, but has been overshadowed by his better-known Registre delphinal, commissioned by Louis II in 1456. This article analyses the historical culture and the conception of history revealed in the Breviere. It notes how Thomassin's careful definitions of frontiers in the past and present reflect his experience of territorial disputes. History and geography are imbued with polemic, however, allowing Thomassin to override competing claims to territory or autonomy by delphinal opponents within and outside the Dauphiné. The principles set out in the Breviere were refined and extended in the Registre. However, it is unlikely that either work was ever intended for wide circulation; rather, they were written to provide ‘authentic’ texts which could be consulted primarily by other delphinal officers. As such, they reflect on occasion the divergence of views between a proto-professional administrator, with a concern for the long-term, and his preoccupied (if not dilettante) prince, much more subject to the requirements of realpolitik.     

"中国"与"天下"的重合:古代中国疆域形成的历史轨迹——古代中国疆域形成理论研究之六

本文主要从不同时期的疆域分布状况和观念变化等方面对古代中国疆域的形成过程进行了梳理。认为"中国"一词并非单纯的地域或文化观念,也有丰富的政治含义,其中围绕"中国"形成的"中国"为"天下"中心且据之可以成为正统王朝的观念对古代中国疆域的形成产生了重大影响。正是众多民族尤其是汉和北疆民族建立的王朝或政权不断争夺"中国",在导致现实中疆域分布格局不断出现分裂和统一反复交替的同时,直至清代理想中的以"中国"为核心大一统的"天下"和现实中的统一多民族国家终于实现了重合,古代中国的疆域也由此完成了凝聚的过程。     

宋代官员墓葬相关问题刍议

从现有考古材料来看,与前代相比,宋代墓葬体现的等级制度并不明显,而官员墓葬似恰是造成这一状况的原因.原本应当尊奉制度、为民表率的官员群体中,有很大一部分官员并未向下传递上层的丧葬文化,反而被出身之地或归葬之所的富裕平民阶层同化.由此使其地下墓葬部分呈现出“地方化”的特征.而这一情形,所反映的可能是两宋时期,民间经济力量...     

东京审判:中国学界的观察与思考

东京审判作为与中国近代史、中国人民的民族感情和历史记忆息息相关的重要事件,引起中国学界的广泛关注和高度重视。无论与纽伦堡审判的对比研究,还是兼及盟国境内其他审判的综合性研究;无论东京审判相关史料收集、整理与出版,还是从历史学与国际法角度的学术探讨,都反映了不同时期国际关系、时代环境对东京审判研究的影响与制约。随着东京审判外文史料的公开与出版,如何充分利用这些丰富的外文史料,进一步拓宽研究思路和研究领域,不断汲取外国学者的既有研究成果,加强中外学者的对话和开展"共同研究",或将是东京审判研究的一个发展方向。     

坚持用唯物史观认识和把握中国国情——学习华岗史学思想的一点体会

华岗同志是一位忠诚于党的事业的革命前辈,卓越的马克思主义理论家.在思想理论战线,他所关注的领域,涉及哲学、政治学、美学、历史学诸方面.华岗的史学思想,具有鲜明的特色,至今仍有强烈的现实意义.他强调研究历史是为了推动历史、创造历史;他发扬中国史学的"求真"传统,把追求历史的真实看作是史学研究的生命;他大力提倡学术创新,认为创新是史学发展的本质要求.