Southern Pennine Brass Bands and the Creation of Northern Identity,c. 1840–1914: Musical Constructions of Space,Place And Region

In spite of being a national form of music-making, the brass band movement is accepted — almost without question in the popular imagination — as working class and northern. Hence, in 1974, Peter Hennessy described a band contest at the Albert Hall: ‘A roll call of the bands is like an evocation of industrial history. From Wingates Temperance and Black Dyke Mills to more modern conglomerates .... Grown men, old bandsmen say, have been known to cry at the beauty of it all …. Of all the manifestations of working-class culture, nothing is more certain than a brass band to bring on an attack of the George Orwells. Even the most hardened bourgeois cannot resist romanticising the proletariat a little when faced with one.(The Times, 11 Oct. 1974) This stereotype, which emerged in the nineteenth century, generated the following questions about northern identity: what elements in the brass band movement created this reportage of northern bandsmen and how did bands, which thrived in large numbers in the Southern Pennines, emerge as a musical and cultural metonym of the industrial landscape? This article explores notions of music-making and the creation of a musical space, place and region through the reporting of brass bands c. 1840–1914.     

唐代鎏金铜天王像的保护与研究

依据现代科学检测方法,对唐代鎏金铜天王像不同部位的锈蚀产物进行了系统分析。运用软硬酸碱之间相互反应规律的理论,制定了以EDTA为主的配位体参加除锈反应的方案。综合多年的工作经验,找出络合反应中的最佳反应条件,从理论和实践中总结出较为可行的鎏金器物保护方法。     

Seal dies from the National Museum of Slovenia: Non-destructive analyses of medieval and early modern copper alloys

A representative group of seal dies made of copper alloys from the collection of the National Museum of Slovenia was investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Chronologically, the artefacts date from the early 13th century to the present. Non-destructive EDXRF screening of elemental fingerprints of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, Sn and Sb was performed on 95 seal dies, and the obtained elemental data set was further processed by chemometric tools such as principal component analysis (PCA). The relationships between the elemental composition of analysed seal dies, type of alloy applied and their historical context—date, location of manufacture and, possibly, social rank of the owner—were examined in detail.     

三至六世纪东西文化交流的见证：南朝铜器的科技考古研究

西亚地区的响铜技术何时传入中国及东亚列国,是一个重要的学术问题。经对江苏句容、江都及南京出土的南朝铜器作科技考古研究,发现最迟在南朝刘宋元嘉年间,来自西亚的新型的响铜技术已经在中国南北方地区立足,此后可能相继传入韩国（百济）,并进而到达日本地区。过去,响铜及黄铜（输石）技术的考古学研究作为相对独立的领域在日本受到重视．但中国考古界则鲜有研究。新发现的这批南朝响铜器及黄铜制品时研究3-6世纪时期东西方不同国家和地区的响铜和黄铜（输石）工艺的传播乃至更广泛的文化交流有重要意义。     

基于水凝胶方法的重庆地区鎏金青铜器除锈新技术研究

中国汞齐鎏金技术起源于战国之前,该技术的出现极大地提升了青铜器的可观赏性和耐腐蚀性,给东周青铜文化带了一股新气象。鎏金青铜器由于长期埋藏于地下环境之中,出土后往往被一层坚硬的锈蚀物所覆盖,严重影响了文物外观,也不利于文物的保存。目前,鎏金青铜器除锈方法主要有化学湿法除锈,激光物理除锈,机械除锈法等方法。本研究依据鎏金青铜器腐蚀特点,采用复合水凝胶体系构建鎏金青铜器除锈新方法,以丙烯酸和聚乙烯醇为成胶剂,以弱酸性的甲酸和半胱氨酸为清洗组分的复合凝胶清洗剂。实施案例显示:该凝胶除锈剂可以实现对覆盖于鎏金层之上的赤铜矿、孔雀石和蓝铜矿等铜锈的高效去除,不污染文物表面,适用于复杂表面清洗,能够减少湿法清洗中清洗剂在鎏金层中扩散而产生的腐蚀破坏,符合文物保护"最小介入"与"不改变文物外貌"的原则要求。     

故宫符望阁内檐装修金属构件材质与制作工艺的科学分析

为探究乾隆时期清宫内檐装修用掐丝珐琅与铜鎏金构件制造的传统工艺及其科学性,本研究采用金相显微观察、扫描电镜能谱分析等方法,对故宫符望阁建筑内檐装修用掐丝珐琅和铜鎏金构件的金属部分进行了分析.实验结果显示,掐丝珐琅构件的金属部分使用纯铜材料焊接而成,所用焊料为不同配比的Cu-Zn-Sn合金,而铜鎏金构件使用黄铜材料铸造而成,并在表面錾刻出纹饰,这两类构件金属部分表面都曾进行过传统鎏金处理.依据以上分析总结出的这两类构件的制造方法与流程,与文献或相关研究记录的清代传统技术相符,还可为进一步的保护工作提供一手的资料与重要的依据.     

中国早期黄铜混合矿冶炼工艺的模拟探索

按照"混合矿冶炼工艺"模拟了黄铜冶炼实验。利用X射线衍射、X射线荧光、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等方法,分析了模拟实验所得的黄铜样品,并讨论了中国早期黄铜的冶炼工艺。实验结果表明:当温度高于800℃时,孔雀石、炉甘石和木炭在密闭装置中,即可反应生成黄铜,所炼黄铜的金相组织以等轴晶为主,伴有少量孪晶。冶炼温度在800℃时,所炼黄铜的含锌量低于5%;850℃时,其含锌量可超过10%;达到900℃后,其含锌量将超过20%。     

六朝初期铜鎏金铺首衔环保护与研究

为了对一件六朝初期的铜鎏金铺首衔环进行保护,运用X光透视、扫描电镜、红外光谱等仪器对其鎏金层和腐蚀产物进行了分析。通过扫描电镜能谱分析得知鎏金层含有较高的金元素并有部分的汞元素,由于汞元素的存在,进一步验证了其为鎏金器。根据浅绿色锈蚀样品的红外光谱分析,浅绿色锈蚀是有害锈氯铜矿(Cu2(OH)3Cl),必须对其进行除氯处理。而覆盖鎏金层的绿色锈蚀在扫描电镜能谱分析中所示氯离子含量并不明显,并根据红外光谱的分析确认其为无害锈孔雀石(Cu(OH)2.CuCO3),但其影响了铺首鎏金层艺术欣赏价值,需采取措施将其清理,对位于铺首背面的则给予保留。保护修复过程中,尝试了先用去离子水浸渍填充鎏金文物毛细管后,再用强酸性离子交换树脂快速处理覆盖鎏金层的绿色锈蚀,达到了预期效果。实践证明该方法可以有效地把铺首左面鎏金层清理出来。     

The 19th‐Century Akko Tower Wreck,Israel: a summary of the first two excavation seasons

The shipwreck designated as the Akko Tower Wreck lies at the entrance of Akko harbour, Israel, 35 m north of the Tower of Flies, in 4.4 m of water. Following two seasons (2012 and 2013) of underwater excavation, it is suggested that it is the remains of a merchant brig of 200 tons, dated to the first half of the 19th century, and built under the influence of the French shipbuilding tradition in an established shipyard. The full story of the ship and its place in the maritime history of Akko, however, remains an enigma.