Editor’s Note

Most previous studies have held that the system of Tubo gaoshen (an honorary identity mark) was an imitation of a similar system in the Tang dynasty, referring to the latter’s official costume decorations for its stratified office-holders. These studies have not given due attention to the characteristics of the title itself. From the perspective of the change of the Tibetan name and based on existing research results and historical records in both Tibetan and Chinese, this article tries to offer a new understanding and preliminary discussion on the development of Tubo gaoshen and several related issues. We find that there are two paths in the evolution of its name: One is from Sug to Yi Ge or Yig, the other is from Yig tsang to Yig tshangs. The former is used to denote a concrete gaoshen and can be added as a prefix while the latter denotes the abstract idea of gaoshen and no attribute can be used before it. When the two are used together, the latter is used before the former, such as in: yig tshangs pa ni zangs kyi yi ge gtong/ (As to the gaoshen [yig tshangs], [he] is awarded a bronze yi ge).     

GIS技术在萨拉乌苏考古遗址公园规划设计中的应用

传统规划设计工作的技术平台多以计算机辅助设计(CAD)为主,本工作以内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯萨拉乌苏考古遗址公园规划为例,将Arc GIS Desktop作为技术平台应用到公园的规划设计工作中。首先,通过对规划区的实地踏勘,采集相关数据和资料,进行规划区数据库建设;其次,在数据库建设的基础上,通过GIS技术构建与现实环境对应的虚拟地理信息空间,实现规划区景观的三维可视化;最后,利用三维景观模型对现实地理环境进行模拟、分析及虚拟场景飞行。不同于传统CAD的二维工作平台,本工作借助GIS对空间数据和属性数据的强大处理功能及其三维景观可视化模块,为实现内蒙古鄂尔多斯萨拉乌苏考古遗址公园的科学规划提供辅助。     

古代西北疆域研究若干问题的思考

古代西北疆域是我国疆域的重要组成部分,对古代西北疆域的研究也是边疆史地研究中的重点之一。本文分析了西北疆域研究中应该注意的几个问题,认为以动态的标准确定我国不同时期的历史疆域是研究西北疆域的基本前提;西北疆域地位不断演变,是西北疆域变迁史的基本特点之一,也是西北疆域形成过程的基本形式。同时,文章还就民族、地理环境、国防安全等方面说明了西北疆域形成和发展的内在原因。     

“杨各庄”等地名的地理分布及其音变的历史意义

华北地区及华东地区地名中多见“X各庄”和“X家庄”。该地区中,从西北部到东南部,“X各庄”的比例逐渐增多,而“X家庄”的比例逐渐减少,形成了一个语音渐变的地理连续体。这种特殊现象的形成是由于该地区西北部较频繁地受到北方阿尔泰语系诸语言的影响,而相对来说,东南部则较少受到这种影响。地名中的“各”仍然保留了中古汉语“家”的舌根音塞音声母[k-]。这种明显的地域互补分布表明了北方汉语方言前高元音前面的舌根声母转变为舌面音的力量来自于外部的人文影响,而非内部语言音变。     

20世纪训诂学学科名称定义的争论

训诂学在我国有悠久的历史。但是作为一门学科,乃是从20世纪前期开始的。关于学科名称定义的讨论主要经历两个阶段,即20世纪20年代至40年代学科研究的发轫阶段,以及70年代末直至今天的学术锐进和日趋兴盛阶段。在这两个阶段,主要有“字义学”、“语义学”、“解释学”和“语义学加解释学”等几派观点。通过分析各派具有代表性的21家研究者的观点。可以发现,“训诂／学即解释学(注释学)”的观点较为科学,其中尤以冯浩菲先生的定义最为完备、科学。     

The Archaeology of Regions: From Discrete Analytical Toolkit to Ubiquitous Spatial Perspective

In the 1970s and 1980s, regional analysis was an influential part of archaeological research, providing a discrete set of geographical tools inspired by a processual epistemological and interpretive perspective. With the advent of new technologies, new methods, and new paradigms, archaeological research on regional space has undergone significant changes. This article reviews the state of regional archaeology, beginning with a consideration of its history and a discussion of the fundamental issues facing regional investigations before focusing on developments over the last several years. On one hand, the diversification of archaeological theory has created new paradigms for thinking about human relationships with one another and with the physical environment across regional space; in this regard, historical ecology, landscape archaeology, and evolutionary theory have been particularly influential in recent years. This has led to a corresponding diversification of the traditional methods of regional analysis. Most notably, the advent of powerful digital technologies has introduced new tools, especially those from the geographic information sciences, that build on the quantitative methods of past approaches. The investigation of regional data is no longer based on a discrete toolkit of simple mathematical and graphical procedures for representing spatial relationships. Instead, regional archaeology has matured into a diversity of multiscalar spatial and geostatistical techniques that inform many areas of archaeological inquiry.     

Maps and the settlement of southern Palestine, 1799–1948: an historical/GIS analysis

Historical maps of the Negev Desert which comprises half of the total land area of Palestine can be viewed from several intersecting perspectives relating to aspects such as their contribution to tracing patterns of settlement and agricultural history, imperialism and mapping, and legal geography of land ownership and indigenous people. Here we focus mainly on the first theme, incorporate new methods and demonstrate their application to studies in historical geography.     

徐一夔名号与被斩偏解辨正

天台徐一夔是元末明初的知名学者,一生以教书育人为业,是杭州府学声望卓著的教授。徐一夔传世的名字,是其官名,非其谱名,谱名已经轶失;近年研究徐一夔者或以始丰为其号,其实只是表示其乡里籍贯。稗史载徐一夔上表触怒朱元璋被斩,实系未成事实而被偏解作事实所致,系文人猎奇与发泄心理使然。     

西周金文中的“异人同名”现象及其对断代研究的影响

由新出金文资料及相关事例可知西周金文中普遍存在异人同名现象。而望簋与师望诸器、师汤父鼎与仲柟父诸器这两个典型例证则显示了以往西周铜器断代研究中忽视异人同名现象所带来的消极影响。因此,在铜器断代研究中运用人名系联法时,应该充分重视异人同名的可能性,尽可能综合考虑其他因素。     

Assessing a Computer-aided Instructional Strategy in a World Geography Course

An experiment was conducted to compare student achievement under two differing instructional strategies: a small-group and computer-aided strategy versus lecture instruction. Evaluation was extended in several ways beyond comparison of overall student scores. Results show significant improvements in student achievement produced by the computer-aided strategy with reference to gender, ethnicity and levels of cognitive learning. The study concludes that experimental evaluations of CAI serve best as formative tools to match instructional strategies to specific types of content material and different types of students, and that instructional media are best evaluated along with the instructional method in which they are embedded.