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Ricardo Miguel Godinho David Gonalves Antnio Carlos Valera 《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2019,29(5):706-717
The Iberian Chalcolithic displayed a remarkable variety of funerary practices, which has been related to interpopulation differences, intrapopulation social‐cultural differences, and complex multistage funerary rituals. Perdigões, a Chalcolithic set of ditched enclosures, reflects such diversity including a wide array of funerary practices. Among those practices is cremation, which, despite relatively rare, is represented in different structures in Perdigões. One of these structures (Pit 40) presents an unparalleled high minimum number of individuals (n = 240), contrasting with nearby and coeval structures. In this study, we analyse heat‐induced bone changes and other archaeothanatological variables to tentatively assess the preburning condition of the human remains. The results of Pit 40 are also compared with other comparable contexts to assess if this unique context presents further funerary differences relative to those other contexts in, for example, body processing. Our results suggest preferential cremation of fleshed human remains, but burning of at least a minority of skeletonised remains and deposition of possibly unburned remains also likely occurred. Body processing appears to be comparable with that of the cremation contexts of Perdigões but contrasts with that of another nearby context (Dolmen of Olival da Pega 2b) in which burned bones were also found. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2017,27(6):1003-1011
The aim of this paper is to examine the fresh evidence retrieved in the early cemetery or ‘archaic necropolis’ (eighth to sixth century bc ) on the island of Motya, one of the main Phoenician colonies in the Mediterranean. Because of its integrity and the large number of finds, the cemetery has been considered one of the most relevant sites for the study of early burial customs in the West. The absence of anthropological data, completely neglected in the past, was a major shortcoming of previous research. This failing is now being rectified by a new project of fieldwork and excavation undertaken on the island by a team from Palermo University. This report provides a close examination of the human remains from a group of 32 graves discovered during three seasons (2013–2015) in a combined archaeological and taphonomic perspective and contributes to shed light on the funerary practices of the Phoenicians in Sicily. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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受社会环境变迁等诸多因素影响,三《礼》等典籍所理想化的帝王丧葬礼仪典范,自汉代以来多有修正。唐代晚期以后,帝王陵墓中的世俗化葬仪用品明显增加;从汉到明,包括明器在内,帝王随葬品的总体变化趋势是由礼仪趋向于世俗化。 相似文献
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本文以汉代至明代墓葬出土堆塑瓶(罐)类明器为研究对象,它们在制作技术与基本功用上的一致性是能够进行研究的基础。堆塑瓶(罐)类明器在墓葬中的基本功用为储存物品随葬,在此基础上逐渐显现出引魂升天、保佑后人、镇墓护魂等多元功用,并体现出与当时社会的丧葬习俗、民间信仰紧密结合的趋势。 相似文献
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Hannah Malone 《Modern Italy》2014,19(4):385-403
This article examines the monumental cemeteries of nineteenth-century Italy with regard to their role as platforms for the tensions between Church and state. In that burial grounds were publically owned yet administered by the clergy, they represented a space where conflicts between secular and clerical powers might be played out – conflicts that reached a peak in the final decades of the Ottocento following the annexation of the Papal State to unified Italy. Particular attention is given to the adoption of cremation as a practice that was advocated by anticlerical, liberal and radical factions in opposition to the Catholic Church. That opposition was manifested in the design and layout of Italian burial grounds and in construction of new crematoria. 相似文献
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Rosalind Niblett 《International Journal of Nautical Archaeology》2001,30(2):155-195
In December 1988 rescue excavations on a multi-period gravel site 5 km south-east of St Albans revealed the charred remains of a probable logboat containing cremated human and animal remains. Radiocarbon dating indicated a date in the early 4th millennium BC. The site continued to be used sporadically until the Late Iron Age, and there is some indication that it may have continued to have a ritual significance. The excavation also recorded one (possibly two) Early Saxon sunken floor huts, and ovens and ditches associated with medieval Parkbury. 相似文献
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Adelina U. Kutterer Stefanie Doppler Margarethe Uerpmann Hans‐Peter Uerpmann 《Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy》2012,23(2):125-144
Small fragments of cremated human bone, clearly representing numerous individuals, were found in a stratified Neolithic context in a small cave at Jebel Faya in the Central Region of the Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. With radiocarbon dates between 6500 and 5800 cal BC, they are among the earliest well‐documented cases of cremations in south‐west Asia. Taxonomic identification of the small burned bone fragments is based on morphological and histological analysis. The deposits are to date the oldest human remains found in south‐east Arabia and represent a phase during the Middle Neolithic for which no other types of burials have yet been documented. 相似文献
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宋代漏泽园是中国古代最完善的官办公墓制度,有关遗迹的发现研究过去集中在北方地区,南方地区还是空白（特别是南宋阶段）。本文根据作者掌握的几批南方地区出土两宋材料,结合文献记载和部分考古发现的唐代遗迹,就有关制度的渊源与火葬的关系,以及两宋漏泽园制度在南方地区实施的年代、特点和发展演变情况等进行论述,提出新的看法。 相似文献
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《Journal of Field Archaeology》2013,38(2):104-120
AbstractThe Mochica culture developed on the northern Peruvian coast between a.d. 100 and 800. A zooarchaeological study of the remains discovered in graves at four main ceremonial sites—Sipán, San José de Moro, El Brujo, and Moche—provides evidence of 12 sacrificed species including domestic animals such as llamas, dogs, and guinea pigs, and wild animals such as bats and parrots. A comparison of zooarchaeological data with Mochica iconography shows that animals served a variety of ritual purposes, for example, as mortuary food and as guides for souls of the dead in the afterlife. They were also considered to be mediators between the world of the living and that of the dead. This study enhances our understanding of funerary and sacrificial rituals linked to animals in Mochica society as well as in the central Andes. 相似文献