恩格斯对马克思主义的科学理解探析

恩格斯作为马克思主义的创立者之一,对马克思主义的科学理解主要体现在三个方面,即马克思主义是"完整的科学的世界观"、马克思主义"不是教义,而是方法"、马克思主义是"发展着的理论"。     

《从巴黎到伯尔尼》:恩格斯的一份社会调查

对原始献和目击记录进行认真的分析,以便深入了解历史事件与人物的真实面目,这是历史科学的传统。恩格斯的《从巴黎到伯尔尼》正是一篇具有珍贵的社会史史料价值的目击记录。在这篇未完成的手稿中,恩格斯给了法兰西有关地区的风土人情以较好的评价。它是当时法国的社会情景、民间心态与自然风貌的写真,是后人研究法国近代历史的宝贵资料。     

马克思、恩格斯时代思想研究

所谓时代问题,就是对作为一个整体的人类社会一定历史发展阶段、发展态势与发展趋势的认识问题。马克思、恩格斯对人类社会历史发展阶段性的认识,包括两种基本思路、五种社会形态理论与三种社会形态理论。人类社会不断发展变化,要求我们进一步深入研究马克思、恩格斯的时代思想,而研究的基本思路,就是把五种社会形态理论与三种社会形态理论统一起来。     

构建社会主义和谐社会面临的民生问题:马克思恩格斯有关思想的启示

马克思恩格斯从历史观的高度,科学说明了经济社会发展中带有规律性和方向性的问题,为我们认识和解决社会主义的民生问题,提供了思想原则的指导。这就是:构建社会主义和谐社会必须坚持人的发展与经济发展相一致;坚持市场经济二重性的辩证法;坚持社会整体发展与个人发展相协调;坚持生产力发展与生产关系完善相统一,不断推进民生的改善。     

Some thought concerning education

This article discusses the development of German Social Democratic Party strategy in the fourth quarter of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth, as a result of the works of Friedrich Engels and Karl Kautsky. It ties the evolution of Marxist orthodoxy to the emergence of parliamentary democracy in different European societies. In particular, it discusses the way parliamentary conditions impacted on how the proletarian revolution was imagined. Revolution was newly defined as the establishment through parliamentary means of a new government representing a new social class. Also, the early Marxist strategy of ‘permanent revolution’, which had allowed proletarian-socialist minority rule, was abandoned.     

War and Revolution: Friedrich Engels as a Military and Political Thinker

This article explores the link between political and military strategy and tactics in the work of Friedrich Engels. Though widely praised for his understanding of military affairs, Engels’ interlocutors have tended to be dismissive of his political works. By exploring his politics through the lens of his military writings this article challenges the view that Engels was a mechanical materialist and political fatalist thinker. It argues that his military writings cannot be understood apart from his political works, and that, whatever the historical limitations of the specific conclusions to which he came, his method in these writings illuminate his profound grasp of the relationship between strategy and tactics at both the military and political levels.     

Apocalypse and the Spirit of Revolution

Abstract

The article identifies some typical traits of apocalyptical thinking by analysing the approach of Martin Luther and Thomas Müntzer to apocalyptical texts. They both applied apocalyptical perspectives on historical events but they had conflicting views concerning its social and political consequences. The author asks whether the Reformation may be called an apocalypti-cal movement and why the Reformers are split on the question of political revolt. After studying the conflict between Müntzer and Luther in some detail, he proceeds to Engels’ analysis of Müntzer in the aftermath of the revolution in 1848, seeking an answer to the following question: How and to what extent have the biblical apocalypse and apocalyptical movements contributed to the formation of Marxist theory of revolutions?     

马克思、恩格斯与伦敦世界博览会

1851年的伦敦世界博览会是历史上首次大规模的人类文明交流,引发了无产阶级革命导师的新思考,产生了一些新思想、新观念。马克思、恩格斯以敏锐的眼光看到了伦敦世博会的重要意义、所蕴藏的历史启示以及对人类文明的引领功能。他们坚决反对维利希、金克尔等为代表的极端政治流亡者以革命为儿戏,鼓吹暗杀与暴动。伦敦世博会后,马克思、恩格斯实现了从准备再次发动革命到为未来革命积蓄力量的策略转变。马克思认识到,当资产阶级社会的生产力正在蓬勃发展的时候,谈不到什么真正的革命。新的革命只有在新的危机之后才可能发生。