Documenting Archaeological Mortuary Features using High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging

This technical note presents a refined technique for photo‐documenting archaeological mortuary features using High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging. Mortuary features in archaeological context can be complex and delicate given the wide variability in grave constructions and preservation of human skeletal remains. It is therefore critical to obtain the greatest detail possible when photo‐documenting these features. HDR techniques represent more contrast in photographs and provide greater detail across the DR of illumination within mortuary features—where complex arrangements of human remains can obscure or darken other elements or associated funerary objects, making them difficult to identify in traditional photographs. HDR can be employed with most standard digital single lens reflex cameras used for archaeological field projects, is easy to learn and employ (as described here), can be processed and produced with commonly used photo editing programs, and is ideal for use in unpredictable conditions that are often encountered with archaeological mortuary features and in field conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

原始思维对《山海经》长生思想的肯定

追求生命的永恒是人类共通的理想,各民族神话中都有体现人类追求永生的传说。《山海经》被称为"神话之渊府",在保存了大量神话资料的同时,也通过对增寿、长寿、长生乃至成仙的描述来否定死亡现象。     

记谷牧考察避暑山庄的重要谈话

1978年9月,谷牧副总理考察了驻避暑山庄单位搬迁和山庄、外八庙整修工程进展情况,在参观考察中和听取承德地市负责人汇报时,作了重要谈话,涉及避暑山庄和外八庙保护、整修、利用、开放、旅游、城市建设等方面,内容十分丰富,含意深刻,至今对文物保护仍有重要的现实意义。     

美国西部牧区拓荒的牛仔与牧羊人

内战以后,美国的西部开发在第二次工业革命的推动下步入了新阶段。牧业开发是西部三大行业开发的重要组成部分之一。由于牛仔和牧羊人的艰苦开拓,西部崛起了“牧牛王国”和“牧羊帝国”。牛仔和牧羊人主要来自美国社会下层的劳动者和外国穷苦移民。他们是美国西部牧区的主要劳动力,是牧牛场主和牧羊主的雇工。他们的生活条件和工作环境非常艰苦,所承担的工作极为劳累、繁重和艰险。美国西部牧业的繁荣是他们艰苦创业和开拓进取的结果。牛仔和牧羊人都是牧区拓荒的先驱者和英雄。他们都对西部开拓做出了巨大贡献．佃长期以来,存美国却存存着褒杨牛仔和贬抑牧羊人的明显俪向．汶县栅不公诈的．     

政治与法律的良性互动——英国法治道路成功的根本原因

政治和法律既相辅相成,又相反相克。二者关系结构的不同,直接影响着甚至决定着一个国家的法治文明进程。英国的法治道路是一条较为顺畅的成功之路,其成功的根本原因在于政治与法律之间建立和保持了一种良性互动关系。16世纪以前,适度强大的政治权威促成了英国法治传统的生成以及自治型、制度化普通法体系的建立和衡平法的产生。16～17世纪,借助于普通法制度积极有效的制衡作用,英国有幸绕过了绝对专制统治的历史弯路,先于其他各国跨入了现代法治社会。认真总结英国法治经验,对于当前我国的法治建设事业无疑是大有裨益的。     

沂源鲁山旅游区旅游资源开发利用研究

根据实地考察资料,在全面分析旅游区旅游资源类型、开发条件、现存问题等方面的基础上,提出了对该区旅游资源进一步开发利用的策略与措施。     

国家指导下的民族社会与文化变迁--以云南布朗山布朗族为例

新中国成立后中国社会变迁的现代化趋势和社会主义模式,使布朗山布朗族传统社会文化的变迁很大程度上是一种国家和政府行为,而非现代化影响的自我发展结果.这种国家主导下的计划性变迁,是布朗山布朗族50年来社会发展的直接动因.它在导致布朗族社会文化发生变迁的同时,也由于缺乏对布朗族传统文化的足够了解而使其变迁的计划和目的受到了一定程度的影响.     

武当山五龙宫遗址保护规划设想

五龙宫遗址是"武当山古建筑群"的重要组成部分,提出该遗址保护规划设想,期望更为深入地探讨该遗址保护规划问题。论文分析了该遗址现状特征:主殿已修复,废墟规模较大,历史沧桑感深厚,且拥有世外桃源般的环境,具有独特的历史与景观价值;提出了保持基本现状不变、局部修复九曲墙与北道院、停车场设置在较远处等保护规划设想,以期保护该遗址独特的历史与景观价值不受损害。     

Transport Infrastructure in the Mountains: Why and How to Protect Landscape with Human Activity as Part of its Heritage

In mountain areas without permanent settlements, human activity is entirely dependent on spatial interaction. For centuries, local and regional traffic has followed livestock trails and footpaths. Mainly during the 20th century, new public and private roads changed this situation significantly in large parts of Norway. While mountain summer farming decreased, hydropower development and leisure use became dominant. Protected areas have been established to preserve possibilities for outdoor recreation and ‘wilderness’. However, seasonal farming activity is still an important upholder of cultural heritage. In the investigated area in western Norway, parallels between accessibility and human activity on mountain summer farmsteads have been identified with the abandonment of dairy production between ca 1905 and 1973, recent use by landowners and hikers’ use of publicly accessible tourist cabins. Increased differences in accessibility and protection status have resulted in diversification of human activity in different locations. Custom and tradition represent different principles according to which cultural landscape can be maintained—with emphasis on dynamics or invariance, respectively. Recent landscape protection focuses primarily on tradition. The necessity of easy access to maintain the living cultural heritage in addition to ‘wilderness’ areas, however, requires taking both concepts into account, most probably treated as geographically separate.