莫维斯线与中国旧石器时代早期文化的研究

以莫维斯线为焦点的中国旧石器时代早期文化的探索和研究已有九十年的历程。本文从中国旧石器早期工业特点的探索、东西方文化关系的讨论和区域性特点成因三方面进行了回顾与思考,对手斧问题也提出了一些认识。     

薛家岗玉器加工工艺的微痕迹初探

为探讨薛家岗文化玉器的制作工艺,采用体视显微镜进行微痕观察,并通过X-射线衍射分析、红外光谱、拉曼光谱等分析仪器的物相测试,对安徽省文物考古研究所和安徽省博物馆所藏的127件薛家岗玉器的表面加工微痕迹进行研究分析。结果显示：薛家岗玉器大多光素无纹;玉料主要以闪石玉为主,结构普遍较粗;开料以线切割技术为主,片切割技术为辅;钻孔主要为两面对钻,工具有实心钻和空心管钻,孔壁常留有螺旋钻痕和对钻台痕;玉器整体经过打磨抛光工序;出现了破裂玉器的接合修复技术;薛家岗文化晚期出现了镂空技法、减地浅浮雕技法以及阴线刻技法,体现了玉器制作工艺的明显进步。     

Acheulean variability and hominin dispersals: a model-bound approach

Understanding the pattern of hominin dispersal is a fundamental component of Palaeolithic archaeology and palaeoanthropology. A widely held assumption is that bifacial handaxe (i.e. Acheulean or ‘Mode 2’) technologies evolved in Africa and dispersed into northern and western Eurasia via subsequent hominin migrations. To date, however, few formal tests of this hypothesis have been presented. Here, we use a combination of morphometrics, cultural transmission theory, and a dispersal model drawn from population genetics in order to test this hypothesis. The iterative founder effect (repeated bottlenecking) model is assumed to be supported if a significant inverse relationship is found between geographic distance from source along an estimated dispersal route and within-assemblage variance. The results of our analyses support the hypothesis that Acheulean technologies evolved in Africa and dispersed with migrating hominin populations into northern and western Eurasia under the assumptions of this iterative founder effect model. Based on our results we suggest that the occurrence of certain Mode 1 technologies such as those east of the Movius Line, and some assemblages assigned to the Clactonian of Britain, plausibly represent instances where effective population sizes in colonising populations dropped below levels where Mode 2 technologies could be maintained.     

Is the Soanian techno-complex a Mode 1 or Mode 3 phenomenon? A morphometric assessment

The Soanian is traditionally seen as one of the major (non-Acheulean) Palaeolithic techno-complexes of the Indian subcontinent. Over several decades comparisons of Soanian assemblages have been made with the non-bifacial industries of East Asia and north-west Europe. The chronological status and typo-technological relationship(s) of the Soanian to other Palaeolithic industries have been the subject of much debate. When first named and described the Soanian was considered to contain evidence of Mode 3 Levallois-style core reduction. However, in recent years, the potential Mode 3 component of the Soanian has largely been ignored, and the techno-complex is described under various guises as a core/flake or ‘Mode 1’ techno-complex. Here, a comparative morphometric assessment of selected Soanian cores and other Palaeolithic nuclei is undertaken, to test the hypothesis that this industry contains a definite Mode 3 Levallois element. Discriminant Function Analyses (DFA) of morphometric variables provide robust evidence that at least part of the Soanian techno-complex contains Mode 3 Levallois cores. The implications of these analyses for the relationship between the Soanian and the Acheulean, and the relevance of the Soanian in considerations of the Movius Line are also discussed.     

The Afghanistan-Pakistan Wars, 2008-2009: Micro-geographies,Conflict Diffusion,and Clusters of Violence

A team of political geographers analyzes over 5,000 violent events collected from media reports for the Afghanistan and Pakistan conflicts during 2008 and 2009. The violent events are geocoded to precise locations and the authors employ an exploratory spatial data analysis approach to examine the recent dynamics of the wars. By mapping the violence and examining its temporal dimensions, the authors explain its diffusion from traditional foci along the border between the two countries. While violence is still overwhelmingly concentrated in the Pashtun regions in both countries, recent policy shifts by the American and Pakistani governments in the conduct of the war are reflected in a sizeable increase in overall violence and its geographic spread to key cities. The authors identify and map the clusters (hotspots) of conflict where the violence is significantly higher than expected and examine their shifts over the two-year period. Special attention is paid to the targeting strategy of drone missile strikes and the increase in their number and geographic extent by the Obama administration.     

关于群众性文物工作往事与再认识

本文撰写于2011年,通过国家文物事业管理局在红安县召开座谈会,总结交流群众保护文物的情况和经验,与河北省贯彻座谈会精神,开展群众保护文物工作情况等,对开展群众保护工作提出五点再认识,指出它本质上是在文物保护工作中贯彻党的群众路线,对文物工作是带有根本性的问题.