"小人不(糹呈)人于刃"解

本文主要讨论了郭店楚简《成之闻之》篇"小人不(纟呈)人于刃"的释读问题,分析了目前学术界已有的各种说法,指出"小人不□□人于刃"应读为"小人不逞人于能"。意思是小人不应该快意于在技能方面胜过人。     

远古时期三峡地区长江洪、枯水位的考古研究(距今约15万年～1万年)

通过对三峡地区长江沿岸的考古发掘,发现了远古时期人类居住遗址的所处位置、海拔高度,尤其是遗址地层堆积中往往还叠压有洪水过后的淤积,根据这些洪水淤沙层的位置以及其上、下堆积层中包含物的年代,我们可推测出远古时期三峡地区长江发生洪水的大致年代,洪水水位的海拔高度,看看那时的河床究竟是比现在高、还是低,从而为当今人们治理长江、开发长江提供科学的证据。     

邓小平农民脱贫致富思想

邓小平农民脱贫致富思想 ,是以消灭贫穷论为基础和理论出发点展开的。它包括互相联系的三个组成部分 ,即农民脱贫论、农民致富论、农民扶贫论。邓小平的农民脱贫论揭示了农民脱贫的保障条件、农民脱贫的意义、农民脱贫的途径与方式 ;农民致富论阐明了农民致富性质、致富方法、致富道路、致富保证等思想 ;农民扶贫论包括扶贫的必要性和重要性、扶贫的基本思路及方法等方面     

干冰清洗技术应用于陶瓷文物清洗的探索研究

在文物修复的过程中,首先的工作就是对器物进行清洗,虽然现阶段清洗工艺的效果不错,但使用的试剂与手段造成污染较大,对人体与环境都会造成损害.因此,寻找新的清洗材料与清洗手段,对于文物修复工作的持续发展非常重要。为此,本研究应用干冰清洗技术,工业级清洗机器对在一件晚清胎质较厚、釉质较好的瓷器上进行了清洗实验,并对清洗工艺进行了实验与评估。实验结果表明,干冰清洗技术应用在清除瓷器表面的环氧树脂及污迹效果显著,可谓立竿见影,对瓷器的釉面未造成损害,并且整个清洗流程非常的环保、无污染,清洗完毕只剩下污迹。虽然深层次的环氧树脂清洗效果不明显,但随着今后进一步改善操作技术与清洗工艺,为最终实现环保而可持续的文物修复流程提供经验。     

一件凤纹漆衣铜镜的保护处理

铜胎漆器在中国古代因实用功能的差异而拥有不同的品种。“漆衣铜镜”作为铜胎漆器的一个工艺品种,因其数量的鲜少而倍受漆器鉴赏家和研究者的关注。有一件凤纹漆衣铜镜由于长期浸泡于水中而得以较完整保存,出土后笔者首先对其损害状况和病因进行了分析,然后通过脱水保护处理,使这面铜镜达到较为稳定的保存状态。通过显微观察和电镜成分分析,确定漆彩绘至少存在4种不同的颜色。在分析研究的基础上,对其绘制图案进行了效果与工艺的复原。     

温敏型淀粉酶产生菌的分离、分子生物学鉴定及特性研究

我国博物馆里有许多珍贵的书画文物,然而这些书画文物由于材质易损,年代久远,在修复过程中,揭裱是一个难题。揭裱过程中,书画与背纸之间的浆糊是导致书画文物揭裱困难的主要障碍。利用淀粉酶可以有效分解浆糊淀粉,提高揭裱效率,但揭裱后残留在文物上的淀粉酶会影响后续的重新装裱,因此开发温度敏感型淀粉酶有助于揭裱后的重新装裱。本研究取样于东北寒地土壤,并通过分离、筛选得到了一株产温敏型淀粉酶菌株,且命名为BWL1025。通过分子生物学方法,确定了该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。并且通过DNS法测定目标菌株所产淀粉酶的最适pH及其稳定性、最适酶活温度、最低失活温度和最短失活时间。实验结果表明,在40℃时,酶活达到最高值,为0.839 IU/mL;在60℃时,处理25 min后,酶活基本消失。此外,本研究对该菌株的发酵条件进行优化,发现以木糖和酵母粉为最佳碳源和氮源时,酶活最高达到1.63 IU/mL。本研究结果为书画文物的修复提供了新型的温敏型淀粉酶来源。     

陕西白水出土宋代丝绸的揭展保护

为了验证自行研制的JZ 1出土丝织品揭展剂的实用效果 ,对陕西白水县出土的宋代粘连糟朽丝绸进行了实验性揭展。实验结果表明 ,JZ 1揭展剂对出土的糟朽丝织品具有明显的克服粘连丝绸之间的粘结力、软化脆化丝绸和协助剥离的作用 ,说明JZ 1是一种效果较好的丝织品揭展剂。     

An Assessment of the Influence of the Inter-Tropical Discontinuity on Inter-Annual Rainfall Characteristics in Nigeria

This study assessed the influence of the Inter-Tropical Discontinuity (ITD) on inter-annual rainfall characteristics in Nigeria between 1970 and 2000. This involved determining the strength and direction of the relationships between the total annual rainfalls in the extreme southern and northern parts of the country and the total annual rainfalls during the period of the Little Dry Season in southwestern Nigeria, and the surface locations of the ITD over Nigeria and some other factors that may impact ITD characteristics (such as the pressure differences between Azores, Libyan and St. Helena anticyclones and the sea surface temperature of the Gulf of Guinea). Results indicate that although the surface location of the ITD significantly accounts for rainfall inter-annual variability in Nigeria, it does so in the northern part of the country only. Pressure differences between the various anticyclones were observed to be another significant factor influencing inter-annual rainfall variability in the north. However, the influence of the sea surface temperature of the Gulf of Guinea on the rainfall characteristics in the northern region is ill-defined. It was also noted that the only factor influencing inter-annual variability in the Little Dry Season rainfall in the southwest and the total annual rainfalls in the south is the sea surface temperature of the Gulf of Guinea. The results obtained indicate that the total annual rainfalls in the north have significant positive relationships with the surface location of the ITD but significant negative relationships with the pressure differences between the Azores, Libyan and St. Helena anticyclones. The Little Dry Season rainfalls and total annual rainfalls in the south have significant positive relationships with the sea surface temperature of the Gulf of Guinea.     

Balancing Costs and Benefits of Collaboration in an Ecology of Games

The growth of collaborative approaches to governance has resulted in increasingly complex policy and management landscapes, where actors are presented with ever‐increasing numbers of decision‐making venues they can participate in and actors they can collaborate with. Given that actors face constraints on their capacity to manage actor and venue relationships in such polycentric governance systems, we assume the marginal benefit of yet another relationship should begin to diminish at some level of engagement. Furthermore, we hypothesize that such capacity limitations are not static, but decrease as actors learn, develop skills, and formulate strategies for how to navigate complex polycentric systems more effectively. Drawing on the Ecology of Games framework, this article investigates two Swedish collaborative governance initiatives where a multitude of actors came together to address a range of different, but interrelated, policy issues and management tasks. The empirical findings suggest that actors’ capacities to successfully navigate polycentric governance arrangements increase as they gain experience and develop their networking skills. Our findings imply there is a need to balance increased complexity in polycentric systems with increased capacity, otherwise the overall effect of an ever‐increasing number of venues and actors could be collaborative fatigue and decreased abilities to address diverse governance challenges.