The Icelandic medieval monastic garden - did it exist?

In the multidisciplinary project presented here, 12 known monastic grounds in Iceland were surveyed by a group of medievalists from different fields in the summers of 2009, 2010 and 2011. The aim of the survey was to increase knowledge of the Icelandic monastic garden and of the plants that were known and used there; to look for possible medieval cultural relict plants; to observe continental influence on the island; and to vitalize discussion and research. Landscape and plants were surveyed at the 12 monastic sites, and full botanical investigations made. Many of the plants found have a medieval past as medicinal and utility plants, and some of their properties may have been common knowledge to medieval Icelanders. An investigation of written sources and archaeological and archaeobotanical findings from excavated sites added to the investigators’ knowledge. So were there monastic gardens in Iceland in the Middle Ages? The answer is a rather confident yes. With all the evidence combined, the investigators were able to trace the deliberate use of medicinal, food and utility plants in the monastic contexts. Whether they were cultivated, tended in situ, gathered growing wild or imported is another matter. Continental influence was more evident than has previously been observed.     

历史语境、史学语境与史料的解读——以弗吉尼亚州批准美国宪法大会中一条材料的解读为例

"语境主义"意识对于历史研究具有重要的意义。历史学家在解读具体的史料时,只有清楚而准确地把握史料产生的"历史语境",以及由相关研究构成的"史学语境",才有可能探明史料的"原意",进而恰当地运用史料。     

Some manuscript maps recently acquired by the departement des Cartes et plans of the bibliotheque nationale,Paris

Abstract

This paper examines the significance of a rediscovered medieval map (Public Record Office, MPCC 7) of part of the Fenlands of eastern England, previously dated to the mid‐sixteenth century but now recognized as mid‐fifteenth century. The map portrays realistically two important monastic churches, Sempringham Priory and Spalding Priory, which did not survive the Reformation and for which no other contemporary representations are known to exist. Documentary evidence suggests that the map was made at Spalding Priory to record rights to pasture animals in Pinchbeck Fen, and that it passed to the Duchy of Lancaster at the dissolution of the monasteries.     

试谈蚌埠双墩遗址出土靴形器功用

鹿角靴形器,或称鹿角钩形器,是新石器时代十分富有特色的一类遗物。安徽省蚌埠双墩新石器时代遗址出土了大量这类器物,颇具代表性。本文拟就蚌埠双墩遗址所出遗物进行探究,对这类靴形器的功用发表一下自己的薄见,认为这类器物是集刮抹器表、制作口沿、修整圈足和刻划符号四种功能于一身的陶器加工工具。     

Funerary practices and kinship in an Early Bronze Age society: a Bayesian approach applied to the radiocarbon dating of Argaric double tombs

The main aim of this paper is to test the hypothesis on kinship relations (affinity/marriage vs descent/consanguinity, and matrilocality) expressed in the funerary record of the El Argar Bronze Age society (South-east Iberia, 2200–1550 cal BCE), taking into account the absolute chronological dimension of double adult tombs. A set of 23 double tombs having radiocarbon dates for both skeletons were selected, and radiocarbon calibration and Bayesian probability analysis was conducted. The results support the ‘descent’ hypothesis, since for most of the cases the chronological distance between individuals buried together was larger than two decades. Finally, several guidelines for future research are suggested in order to overcome shortages in current chronological and archaeological data.     

乡村旅游对农户农林业生产和外出务工影响研究——基于陕西22个旅游扶贫村农户调查数据

利用课题组2017年6-8月在陕西安康、商洛、汉中、宝鸡4市9县22个旅游扶贫村收集的841个农户调查数据，采用双重选择模型（DSM）等分析了农户参与旅游对家庭农林业劳动时间、外出务工时间的影响。研究发现，参与旅游有助于增加调查地的农户收入，旅游兼营型农户收入更高。在全样本中，参与旅游对农户农林业生产时间具有显著负向作用，但在参与了旅游的农户样本中，农户参与旅游一些特征或形式，如土特产销售，对农林业生产则有显著正向作用；在多个模型中，农户从事旅游对家庭外出务工活动具有显著的负向作用。提出了延长农业产业链、发展“旅游+农业”、促进农村一二三产业融合，提高景区带村作用、完善旅游扶贫政策等对策建议。     

对当今中国电视媒体“双重身份”的思考

电视媒体既要服从市场规律,又要服从政府意志,政府控制与市场动力之间的复杂关系成为中国电视业的显著特征。当今中国社会发展变革的新环境,使中国电视媒体不可避免地具有了意识形态宣传机构和市场盈利机构的＂双重身份＂。如何正确处理两者的关系,是中国电视业未来发展的关键。     

牺牲阳极法应用及其在钢筋混凝土文物保护中的应用研究

为研究牺牲阳极法在钢筋混凝土文物保护中的应用,首先对国内外关于牺牲阳极法的研究现状和应用实践进行归纳总结,主要从应用对象的转变、实践与研究并举的发展进程、应用层面的拓宽三个方面进行梳理分析;进而由发展的趋势转变提出牺牲阳极法在钢筋混凝土文物保护上的可行性,详述该法在钢筋混凝土文物保护中的应用机理与设计方法。最后以南京长江大桥为例,对牺牲阳极法应用于南京长江大桥双曲拱桥主拱圈耐久性加固工程进行了研究,在总结和回顾的基础上提出牺牲阳极法应用于文物保护中的新机遇。研究成果为牺牲阳极法在钢筋混凝土文物保护工程中的应用提供了一定的借鉴与指导。