浙北土墩墓遥感考古研究

环太湖地区包括浙北地区是我国长江流域重要的古文化遗存分布区,仅浙北地区的土墩墓就有上万个。近四年来的遥感考古工作,已获得不少关于土墩墓的影象特征和土墩墓分布规律等的研究成果。航空遥感照片上的土墩墓的影象大小、色调、灰度、形态等是土墩墓解译的基本依据;同时影象所在的地貌部位,海拔高度是土墩墓解译的重要参考依据。浙北土墩墓主要集中在长兴和安吉两县,湖州市郊的西部也有较多分布,而德清和余杭土墩墓较少。浙北土墩墓的分布类型有山脊型、山麓型和平原高地型;浙北土墩墓就形态而言,有卵圆形、圆形;面积也有大中小之分,大者底径可达50余米,小者仅3-5米;另外就土墩墓的组合而言,有串珠型、集群型和离散型。土墩墓集中分布在海拔50-200米的丘陵缓坡上,海拔略高的平原岗地上也有较多分布,这种分布特征与古地理环境是有联系的,从一个侧面反映了古地理环境特征。     

Evaluation of IBC Equivalent Static Procedure for Base Shear Distribution of Seismic Isolated Structures

It has been pointed out that the static lateral response procedure for base isolated structures presented in IBC somewhat overestimates the seismic story force [Lashkari and Kircher, 1993 Lashkari, B. and Kircher, C. A. . Evaluation of SEAOC/UBC analysis procedures, Part 1: Stiff superstructure. Proceedings of a Seminar on Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control. Redwood City, California. ATC Report 17-1.  [Google Scholar]; Constantinou et al., 1993 Constantinou, M. C., Winters, C. W. and Theodossiou, D. . Evaluation of SEAOC and UBC analysis procedures, Part 2: Flexible Superstructure. Proceedings of a Seminar on Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control. Redwood City, California. ATC Report 17-1.  [Google Scholar]]. In this article IBC equivalent static method for base shear distribution of seismic isolated structures is evaluated. For this purpose one-story to six-story building models are designed according to equivalent lateral response procedure for different elastomeric isolation systems. The results of equivalent lateral response procedure in parameters such as base shear and vertical distribution of base shear are compared with results obtained from dynamic nonlinear analysis and the efficiency and limitations of its application are investigated. In general, the results of equivalent lateral response procedure in base shears are acceptable within the scope of this procedure, but the proposed triangular distribution of base shear is somewhat conservative. So a new formulation for vertical distribution of base shear is proposed which results in a more realistic distribution of shear over the height of isolated buildings. The accuracy of the new formulation is examined by comparing the resulting responses obtained from this study with those calculated by nonlinear time history analysis.     

近代山东村落社区结构的整合与分化

在近代山东农村,村落社区成员对土地、资金、村公产等物质资源和宗教、教育、村庄自卫等人资源的分配,必须通过各种社会组织才能得以进行,其中宗族组织起了统合血缘地缘关系及情感流向的关键作用。在村落社区以宗族组织为中心的社会结构整合过程中,会出现基于地权分配不均衡而产生的社会分化,这必然导致经济社会地位相近的村落成员组成某些特殊的社会组织,从而使村落社区结构在统合性中又产生一定的分异性。     

Keeping an eye on your pots: the provenance of Neolithic ceramics from the Cave of the Cyclops,Youra, Greece

Combined petrographic and chemical analysis of MN and LN ceramics from the Cave of the Cyclops on the island of Youra, Greece, has revealed a compositionally diverse assemblage with a range of different local and off-island sources. Ceramics deposited in Neolithic times on this barren, rocky outpost of the Sporades chain may have originated from a surprising number of possible origins, including from the Plain of Thessaly, Euboea and the volcanic northeast Aegean islands. This picture challenges traditional assumptions about Neolithic pottery production and indicates that significant movement of ceramics was already taking place within the northern Aegean as early as the beginning of the sixth millennium BC. The discovery of a persistent local pottery tradition, that is also found on the neighbouring island of Kyra-Panagia, indicates significant continuity in ceramic technology over some 1500 years.     

试论中国新兴的人工旅游资源

以1958年美国兴建洛杉矶迪尼斯乐园为标帜,国际上人工旅游资源正迅速崛起。近十年来我国新兴的人工旅游资源不断涌现,主要有:(1)微缩景观公园;(2)影视拍摄基地;(3)游乐园及野生动物园;(4)仿古街及仿古园林;(5)专题博物馆与碑林;(6)旅游节日等。我国新兴的人工旅游资源在地理分布上集中在东部沿海地区,具有求知、求新、求乐、求奇的时代特征,意味着我国旅游形式从单纯的游览观光开始向游客参与和消遣型转变。一些人工旅游资源如深圳"锦绣中华"公园,无锡"唐城"、北京世界公园、哈尔滨冰灯艺术节等取得良好的社会效益和经济效益。今后对人工旅游资源的发展应保持宏观控制与正确引导。     

政治因素与世界交通运输的发展和布局

本文总结了世界交通运输发展和布局变化中政治因素的种种表现及其作用,指出:交通运输的发展与布局是产生国际和国内政治经济联系的基础。同时,在这种联系基础上的各种政治因素又深刻地影响和制约着世界交通运输的发展与布局。而且,政治因素的这种影响作用会日益加剧。     

Seismic Response of Rolling Isolation Systems with Concave Friction Distribution

This article attempted to improve the isolation performance of a rolling isolation system by assuming that the rolling friction force gradually and linearly increased with the relative displacement between the isolator and the ground. After the rolling isolation system under different ground motions was calculated by a numerical analysis method, it obtained more regular results than that of other uneven friction distributions. Results shows that the considered concavely distributed friction force can not only dissipate the earthquake energy, but also change the structural natural period. These functions improve the seismic isolation efficiency of the structural relative displacement in comparison with the general uniform distribution of rolling friction coefficient.     

Review of Different Pushover Analysis Methods Applied to Masonry Buildings and Comparison with Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis

This article presents the comparison among different nonlinear seismic analysis methods applied to masonry buildings, i.e., pushover analyses with invariant lateral force distributions, adaptive pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis. The study focuses on the influence of lateral force distribution on the results of the pushover analysis. Two simple benchmark case studies are considered for the purpose of the research, i.e., a four-wall masonry building prototype without floor rigid diaphragms and a two-wall system with a cross-vault. The comparative study offers a useful review of pushover analysis methods for masonry structures and shows advantages and possible limitations of each approach.     

Modelling the eco-cultural niche of giant chestnut trees: new insights into land use history in southern Switzerland through distribution analysis of a living heritage

During the Middle Ages and the early modern period the cultivation of the chestnut tree became dominant in various mountain regions in Western Europe. Large numbers of giant chestnut trees have been reported throughout the continent that may be considered the living heritage of this period. In this paper we used a systematic inventory of giant chestnut trees in southern Switzerland for reconstructing the eco-cultural niche related to the long-term cultivation and conservation of such remarkable trees. To this purpose we implemented a retrospective logistic modelling approach with the presence of giant chestnuts as response variable compared with 65 environmental and cultural predictors. We performed different logistic regression analyses using untransformed and transformed variables. Out of the 42 models produced, we finally selected two models, on the basis of their parsimony and accuracy. Many of the selected predictors, such as distance from the lake, abundance of small livestock or number of secondary settlements, reveal that former local and regional socio-economic conditions and environmental constraints have considerable explanatory power. The approach allows us to detect several aspects of the targeted eco-cultural niche that may have acted in the distant past to support the development of the traditional fruit chestnut culture, as well as more recently, to preserve the giant chestnut tree population during the disruption phase of this culture. Most results are in line with the historical documentation, while others go beyond the dictates of written history and reveal interesting traits of the past economic and cultural systems.     

清代西安、兰州和太原的书院分布与选址

城市书院是城市文化发展的重要组成部分,清代城市书院在全国得到了普遍的发展。本文通过对清代西安、兰州和太原三个省会城市书院的时空分布及其选址特征的研究,以揭示三个城市之间书院文化差异的一个方面。清代三个省会城市书院的建立和发展有时段的差异,也有重心的变化。书院的选址和分布格局在观念、发展道路以及格局模式等方面有同有异。