南方多雨区域石窟寺防渗效果评价研究——以飞来峰造像二期保护工程为例

南方多雨区域石窟寺的防渗加固是石窟造像保护的重要措施。近年来随着国力的增强,一大批文物保护工程已经实施。但是,对于石窟寺加固保护后效果的跟踪研究却较少。全国重点文物保护单位——杭州飞来峰造像原佛龛裂隙渗水较为严重,已对文物造成破坏和威胁。自2005年以来,飞来峰造像区域已完成了两期保护工程,实施了危岩加固、裂隙灌浆、地表防渗等工程措施。跟踪评价工程的防渗效果,对于后续保护工程和类似石窟造像的保护具有重要参考价值。本研究结合工程资料,实地观察测量渗水情况和分析渗出物成分,试探性对飞来峰造像二期保护工程的防渗效果进行定量化评估。该工作可以为南方多雨区域石窟寺防渗工程的效果评估提供借鉴。     

书画文物断裂痕产生原因与修复装裱方法的研究

书画文物及中国的传统卷轴装裱形式因材质为纸和绢,质地脆弱易损,出现断裂痕是最为常见与普遍的一种损伤情况,严重者会对文物造成致命伤害。因此,需要研究分析导致书画及裱件产生断裂痕的各种原因,并提出修复断裂痕的方法。通过运用贴条加固的方法修复书画文物的断裂痕,并在装裱成卷轴形式的过程中,始终按照平薄柔软的装裱目标,进行各工序的操作,从而使原先劣损的书画恢复原貌,得到保护与新生。要使书画文物,特别是卷轴书画能得到长久安全的保存,创造适合的保存与展示环境相当重要。     

Injection Grouts for the Re-Attachment of Architectural Surfaces with Historic Value—Measures to Improve the Properties of Hydrated Lime Grouts in Slovenia

In the described studies with the aim of optimizing hydrated lime grout composition, the first measure was to reduce the water content of the grout using a highly efficient polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer, whereas the second measure was to increase the content of the inert limestone filler with an adequate grain size distribution. In this way, an attempt was made to achieve the best possible volume stability and strength properties of the hydrated lime grout, while continuing to fulfill the other necessary requirements regarding non-structural grouting works which are reported in the literature.

The results of the tests showed that a non-structural grout consisting of 1 volume part of hydrated lime CL 90-S and 3 volume parts of inert limestone filler, with 0.5% of the polycarboxylate ether based superplasticizer, fulfilled most of the established requirements, so that it is thus potentially suitable for re-attachment interventions on architectural surfaces.     

Paper 6: Grouting Mortars for Fragmented Bricks and Repair Mortars for Tiles in the Archaeological Site Coudenberg

Abstract

Different grouting and repair mortars were developed and evaluated for the conservation and restoration of fragmented bricks in the walls and floors of the remaining cellars underneath the Aula Magna, the palace’s main banqueting hall, and to fill the lacunae and perform edge repairs of red and blue-grey ceramic floor tiles in the remaining cellars underneath the chapel of the former Palace of Coudenberg in Brussels, Belgium.

To prevent the deposition of lime bloom at the surface of the masonry and to achieve an acceptable colour match of the grout in harmony with the bricks of the Aula Magna, the effect of brick powder added to natural hydraulic lime was studied. The pozzolanic properties and colour match of several historic and modern powdered bricks were investigated. Surprisingly, ancient bricks do not seem to possess higher pozzolanic properties than the more modern ones, although it is supposed that they were fired at lower temperatures. Additional evidence for the pozzolanic reaction of the different brick powder materials was obtained from a simple visual observation of stored samples. After eight weeks all of the samples containing brick powders, fired at low and high temperatures, added to putty lime had hardened under water and were transformed into a remarkably tough material. These results are important, as modern bricks are readily available in large quantities and different colours, which are hence in favour of being used instead of historical material from the site.

For the repair of the ceramic floor tiles different mortars were investigated with mixtures containing talcum, stone or brick powder, pigments, and chalk added to an epoxy binder. The mortars were tested in the laboratory and in situ for their workability and resemblance with the historic floor tiles. The finished mortars showed excellent aesthetic properties with the tiles in situ and good properties to prevent further loss due to human interaction.     

基于仰韶水泥的砂岩石窟裂隙灌浆材料物理力学特性研究

为寻找适宜砂岩石窟岩体裂隙灌浆的材料,进行了基于仰韶水泥的砂岩石窟岩体裂隙灌浆材料室内筛选。研究表明,以烧料礓石为胶凝材料,以偏高岭土、石英砂为填料的浆液可作为砂岩石窟裂隙灌浆的初选材料。进一步试验表明,当浆液材料添加总质量10%膨胀剂后,最优的配比为烧料礓石、偏高岭土、石英砂以质量比1∶0.6∶0.4,最佳水灰比为0.5~0.6。针对该配比的灌浆材料开展物理力学特性测试及耐候性试验,结果表明,该种配比的浆液结石体除具有孔隙率大、收缩小、强度好的特点外,还具有较好的抵御温湿度循环、冻融循环及盐碱侵蚀等的能力,是一种较为适宜的砂岩石窟裂隙灌浆材料。研究结果也可为类似石窟岩体裂隙灌浆材料的选择作参考。     

土遗址裂隙注浆材料PS-(C+F)与SH-(C+F)性能对比研究

西北干旱、半干旱地区保存有大量的土遗址,裂隙、淘蚀、洞穴、冲沟、坍塌等一系列病害对遗址的破坏作用明显。就裂隙注浆材料而言,本研究基于PS-(C+F)的成功应用,为使注浆材料多元化,对比研究SH-(C+F)浆液作为注浆材料的适用性。通过室内对两种材料的力学性能、水理性质、抗冻性、抗老化性的比较以及现场对裂隙加固效果的检测,最终分析数据得出结论,SH-(C+F)与PS-(C+F)的力学性能相当,但SH-(C+F)的抗渗性、抗崩解性、抗冻性、抗老化性等略好一些。因此,SH-(C+F)浆液适宜作为注浆材料应用于土遗址裂隙加固中。试验结果对西北地区土遗址裂隙加固材料的多元化有重要的参考意义和指导作用。