博物馆,档案馆,图书馆被保护环境中气态污染物的监测和分级

过去几十年,美国普滤公司合作开发了一种可以用来精确评价被保护环境中存在破坏可能性的技术,用来保护珍贵的文物,艺术品及历史档案资料。他们一方面研究开发了能精确评估被保护环境的反应监测仪器和监测技术,另一方面又制订一套新的环境分级标准,使文物保护者了解被保护环境是否是安全的。现把这种文物、档案、图书保存环境的反应监测技术和环境评估的新标准介绍给国内的同行们。     

关于旅游资源普查中几点问题的思考--基于大连市旅游资源普查工作的体会

全国旅游资源普查工作还处于尝试性的初期阶段,大连市参与其中并在工作中对〈国标〉有所突破.本文以笔者在大连参加旅游资源普查工作的体会为基础,从理论和实践技术两个层面对工作中遇到的一些问题进行了阐述和分析.理论层面主要是关于〈国标〉中对旅游资源的定义及其所采用的方法论问题的讨论;实践技术层面主要是在对〈国标〉内容、概念、分类、解释及操作方法理解的基础之上,对〈国标〉局部进行更深层次的剖析,并提出一些改进建议.     

磨制石器类型学的分类原则与术语界定——以大辛庄商代石器为例

<正>对事物的分类是古代人类社会文化生活中的一种重要的比较自觉的行为和客观现象,人们在从事生产和生活时都会根据自己的标准进行自觉的分类活动。当然这些标准产生于特定的文化社会背景和思想意识,这就给我们今天的探寻以实际上有效的线索。所以考古研究中的器物分类是我们研究和复原古代文化的一条重     

河南汝州市煤山龙山文化墓葬的发现与认识

煤山遗址位于汝州市北部、北刘庄村西的一处土岗上,东临洗耳河,南面为汝河,面积约20万平方米,20世纪70年代以来已经过四次考古发掘。煤山遗址龙山文化墓葬是洛阳博物馆于1970年首次对该遗址进行考古调查时发现的[1]。由于墓葬已遭破坏,形制不清,墓内出土的随葬品均为小型明器,资料发     

The Politics of Sources Meets the Practices of the Librarian: An Interview with Esther Chen**

[I] want to single out one phenomenon that could be called the ‘politics of sources’. It points to the extent to which the histories that both scientists and historians can write are artifacts of the available sources. The Rockefeller Foundation not only opened its archives very early on for historical work but also invested a lot in making the archives readily available for historical exploration. During the 1980s, many young historians took advantage of this opportunity. Thus, in a relatively early phase of the professional historiography of molecular biology, one could have gained the impression that the development of the new biology as a whole was a bio-politically directed enterprise of the Rockefeller Foundation sustained by the vision that social processes could ultimately be controlled by biological processes.     

对国家标准《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》的若干修订意见

国家标准《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》（GB／T18972—2003）自2003年5月推出以来,各级旅游部门都以此为依据开展工作,但各地在应用过程中,也发现该标准存在诸多问题。本文对其中旅游资源分类存在的概念模糊、前后重复、类型缺项、细分不够等问题逐一进行分析,提出了具体修订意见,并对旅游资源评价的研究方向提出了初步构想。     

Testing hypotheses of independence on symmetrical artifacts

Independence between attributes on artifacts with two equivalent loci has ordinarily been tested only when the loci can be differentiated from each other, say as left or right side or as distal or proximal end. If such an identification does not exist, is uncertain or is irrelevant, then a test of independence requires a special statistical procedure. Such a procedure is given here. Applications are illustrated for coreplatforms, geometric microliths and arrow-head typology, and an extension to artifacts with several equivalent loci is determined.     

Incarceration,classification and control: Administrative detention in settler colonial Australia

Administrative detention, a form of non-judicial incarceration, was a powerful tool of settler colonialism. Administrative detention enables governments to incarcerate whole categories of people, often indefinitely and under unregulated conditions, to manage perceived threats to national identity, integrity, or security. In Australia, various forms of administrative detention have been implemented almost continuously since British settlement. By treating different forms of administrative detention as variations of the same category of governmental power, this article depicts this form of incarceration as fundamental to the creation and character of settler colonial societies. The article develops a history of Australian administrative detention by identifying the striking similarities between three historical forms – Aboriginal reserves, quarantine stations, and enemy alien internment camps – and immigration detention in the present day. Administrative detention has been used to establish order and hierarchy in the settler colonial state by classifying populations into subgroups, and has contributed to the character of its culture: in particular, the precarious sense of belonging afforded to some categories of non-citizen, and the primacy of executive power in controlling these categories. The article offers an endogenous explanation for the entrenchment of immigration detention policy, despite its flaws and harms.     

文明“早熟”与中国古代亲属称谓的泛化

中国古代的亲属称谓不仅标识特定的血缘与姻亲关系,同时以多种途径泛化并用于政治及社会领域。泛化的亲属称谓加强了非亲属成员或组织之间的联系,同时在非亲属成员或组织之间构建了等差有序的责权规范和行为准则。泛化的亲属称谓,旨在凭借血缘组织的力量强化政治控制和社会交往,体现了古人以“循名责实”的方式推进政治、社会关系“血缘化”的尝试和结果。在不同文明或民族中,亲属称谓泛化现象的程度和面貌不尽相同,这与血缘组织在该文明或民族在国家产生过程中扮演的角色,尤其是与血缘组织在国家时代政治生活中的地位高低相关。中国古代国家产生的独特方式所导致的文明“早熟”,决定了亲属称谓泛化现象在国家时代具有普遍性和典型性。     

Variable Selection in Artefact Compositional Studies

In artefact compositional studies, the selection of variables to use in analysis is unavoidable. Given this ubiquity, surprisingly little attention has been paid to ways in which variables might be selected. After arguing the case for the importance of variable selection, two systematic approaches to making a choice, which have had little or no application in archaeometry, are discussed and illustrated. One, based on the use of principal components, is appropriate if structure in the data is not known. The other, based on the use of classification trees, is applicable when there are known or assumed groups in the data.