耀州窑宋代青瓷及现代仿瓷的初步分析研究

为探讨耀州窑古瓷和现代仿瓷在元素成分上的差异 ,用中子活化分析技术 (NAA)对 12件耀州窑宋代青瓷和 4件现代仿瓷瓷、釉进行元素分析测定 ,并对两者之间元素的差异进行初步分析。其结果表明 ,古瓷釉和仿宋瓷釉的RO/SiO2比值具有明显差异。仿宋瓷胎和瓷釉的轻稀土元素含量与重稀土元素含量比值 (即LRee/HRee)的平均比值大于古瓷胎的平均比值。仿宋瓷的胎和釉的微量元素Zn含量则明显高于古瓷Zn元素含量。     

A Study on Black‐Body Celadon Excavated in The Altar Guan and Literature Ge (Longquan Ge) Kilns by EDXRF

Samples of celadon were collected from the Altar Guan Kiln in Hangzhou, and from the Xiaomeizhen and Xikou Kilns, two subordinate kilns of the Longquan Kiln producing black‐body celadon called Literature Ge. Both the elemental contents in the sample bodies and the glaze were measured. The results reveal that the sample bodies contain fingerprint information for provenance, while this was lost in the glaze during the production process. The TiO₂, MnO and Rb₂O contained in the bodies are fingerprints to distinguish between celadons from the Xiaomeizhen and Xikou Kilns. In the Altar Guan Kiln, some low‐TiO₂ samples were found and their body colour is much lighter than some others, but they do not differ with regard to iron content. This indicates that both titanium and iron are indispensable for the blackness of the bodies: they may react to form some black minerals during the firing process. Ultimately, samples from the Literature Ge and Altar Guan Kilns differ in their body constituents. Principal component analysis reveals that the samples can be divided into two groups, corresponding to the two different areas.     

浙江越窑青瓷标本信息数据库管理系统的设计与实施

对文物标本进行系统分析归纳是传统工艺研究的必要途径,为实现越窑青瓷标本资料的资源共享,提高实验室工作效率,实现分析数据的科学管理,本研究开发设计了“浙江越窑青瓷标本信息数据库管理系统”.该系统基于B/S结构模式,以浙江省博物馆陶瓷标本中心的各类越窑瓷片标本来源、形态、化学成分、物理性能、显微结构、制作工艺等相关信息数据为基础,采用Wi ndows平台,以Visual Studi0 2010为开发环境,结合ASP.NET 4.0框架以及SQL Server数据库技术而构架.经过系统测试和实际运行证明,此管理系统具有良好的应用界面,交互性强,运行稳定,数据处理方便等优势,对实现古陶瓷研究信息资源共享,全面开展越窑青瓷的科学化研究提供了一个良好的数据平台.     

Mössbauer Spectroscopic and Chromaticity Analysis on the Colourative Mechanism of Ancient Goryeo Celadon from GangJin and Buan

In ancient Goryeo celadon excavated from the kiln sites in the GangJin and Buan areas, the effect of the chemical composition and ionic state of Fe on the colour was evaluated by Mössbauer spectroscopy and chromaticity analysis. According to chromaticity analysis, the L* value (brightness) of the glaze was shown to be affected more by TiO₂ and MnO than by Fe₂O₃, and the body was affected more by Fe₂O₃ than by TiO₂. The a* value was found to be affected by Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ in the glaze, whereas there was hardly any change in the body according to the composition. As for the b* value, changes due to the composition were shown to be smaller than those for the L* and a* values. According to the Mössbauer spectroscopy results, as the quantities of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ are increased, Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ decreases; while the changes in Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ with MnO and P₂O₅ are negligible. As the quantity of Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ increases, the a* and b* values decrease, which results in the change of colour from red–yellow to blue–green. The characteristic green colour can be attributed to increased L* (brightness) and decreased a* and b* values (blue–green shift) due to the reduced Fe ion, which is mainly determined by the TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ contents.     

关于浙江“黄岩窑”青瓷工艺技术相关问题的研究——以黄岩沙埠窑址群为例

为探索"黄岩窑"青瓷的工艺技术及艺术装饰特征,并探讨该窑场与同时期浙东地区的"越窑"青瓷的关系,本研究从田野考古调查入手,通过对黄岩沙埠窑窑址及窑场周围地面考古调查和典型青瓷标本的实物取样,结合科技考古的手段,着重对其产品特征、制瓷工艺技术及烧造年代等方面进行科学研究。通过光学显微镜解剖了黄岩出土青瓷胎釉的内部结构;通过热释光技术对黄岩出土青瓷典型标本进行年代测定;并运用EDXRF技术对黄岩出土青瓷标本和上林湖越窑标本的胎釉化学成分进行检测并对比分析。研究表明:浙江黄岩沙埠窑址是晚唐至南宋时期浙江重要的窑址遗存,具有较高的陶瓷烧造技艺。     

浙江诸暨牌头六朝墓的发掘

诸暨牌头镇六朝古墓葬的发掘,出土了一批精美的六朝青瓷器,特别是诸牌水M2发现了南朝“永初年宣”4字模印墓砖,为六朝墓葬的分期断代提供了重要的实物资料。     

关于龙泉青瓷几个问题的认识

浙江省境内的龙泉窑是宋、元、明早期著名的青瓷窑场,尽管考古资料揭示龙泉窑的始烧年代可能早至东汉,但形成龙泉地区青瓷风格的制品则是起于北宋。     

河南巩义窑、河北邢窑出土瓷器的原料来源研究——以北朝和隋唐时期出产的青瓷、白瓷为例

为探讨河南巩义窑、河北邢窑出土的不同时期青瓷、白瓷的原料来源,用显微观察、电子探针(EPMA)等手段,分析其原料来源及技术工艺进行分析,并探讨两窑之间的技术联系。分析可知,两窑在瓷釉、瓷胎的原料配置上存在差异:巩义窑瓷胎均使用当地高岭土一元配方,瓷釉中加入瓷胎原料为基体并加入高钙草木灰;邢窑瓷胎在使用当地高岭土的基础上加入长石类矿物原料,瓷釉中除瓷胎所使用的黏土以外,还加入含有高钙高镁的草木灰或矿物原料。两窑还存在一些共性如:两窑瓷釉均添加石英类原料以提高SiO_2含量;巩义窑与邢窑两地早期、唐中期产品形制相似,原料配方有共通之处,说明当时两地在陶瓷的原料配方、制瓷技术中有过交流。     

宋代青瓷的胎釉元素成分分析及相关判别

宋代是中国古陶瓷发展史上两大高峰之一。宋代烧造青瓷的窑口比较多,所烧造青瓷在不少方面有一定的相似之处;由于宋代青瓷烧制工艺精湛,后世仿品也较多。因此宋代青瓷在断源和断代研究上提供了很好的研究内容。本工作主要利用宋代青瓷元素成分分析的结果,采用多元统计方法,直观地讨论有关宋代青瓷断源和断代研究的可能。在窑口判别探讨上,主要对汝窑和南宋官窑青瓷元素成分进行主成分分析,结果表明该方法可清楚地将不同窑口青瓷区分开来。在断代判别探讨上,主要对汝窑和后世仿品(清代、近代和现代)的元素组成进行多元统计分析,结果表明可以将仿品很好地与真品区分开来。同时发现,在真伪判别问题上,由于现代仿品的烧造地点众多,由此引发利用多元统计方法对元素成分处理的一些问题,并对此进行初步讨论。     

三门峡庙底沟M254出土瓷器年代商榷

《三门峡庙底沟唐宋墓葬》公布了M254出土的一件青瓷钵,关于该钵的年代似有可商榷之处。本文在原报告基础之上对其年代进行再探讨,认为其相对年代为金元时期,而非报告中公布的唐代。同时,推测其生产窑口可能是汝州东沟窑。