Fashioning Michael Field: Michael Field and Late-Victorian Dress Culture

This article explores how the late-Victorian poets Katharine Bradley and Edith Cooper, who wrote under the collaborative pseudonym Michael Field, used fashionable dress to construct and advertise their unique poetic identity. Using evidence from their journal Works and Days, I contextualise Bradley and Cooper's clothing in terms of late-Victorian dress culture, and the major dress reform movements of the nineteenth century. I demonstrate that Bradley and Cooper used fashion as a distinctively feminine way of participating in aesthetic culture, marking significant life events, and to advertise their poetic identity. This self-fashioning also exposed them to aesthetic scrutiny from their peers Oscar Wilde and Bernard Berenson. Finally, I argue that fashion played a crucial role in Bradley and Cooper's desire for one another – and that this desire can be understood in terms of erotic reciprocity.     

论“半启门”

"半启门"(以往习称"妇人启门")是中国古代绘画和雕刻中常见的一个画面,从汉代开始出现,唐辽宋金元时期再度盛行。本文讨论了这种图像的形式特征,以及这种形式与古代墓葬意义之间的关联。     

从墓志看唐代妇女崇道的原因

唐代社会崇道之风盛行,很多妇女信奉道教,或是出家做女道士,或是在家修习道教。由于每个人具体生活经历不同,她们崇道的原因也不同。本文从外在原因、心理因素及女性独立意识三个方面分析了唐代妇女崇道的原因。指出唐代妇女之所以崇道,除了受当时广泛流行的崇道之风影响之外,还有许多具体而现实的原因。这些原因既包括消极的从众心理,也包括女性对人生积极的追求。     

George Egerton,James Joyce and the Irish Künstlerroman

George Egerton (Mary Chavelita Dunne, 1859–1945), from Co. Laois, was the New Woman author most closely associated with the Decadent movement. As such, she was also the New Woman writer most profoundly affected by the downfall of Oscar Wilde. After the Wilde trials of 1895, Egerton's connection to Decadence and New Womanhood would make her work anathema to much of the British public. This essay will argue that ongoing tendencies to situate her texts solely within the New Woman categorisation and an English cultural location have had the detrimental effect of obscuring their importance to a specifically Irish literary tradition. By examining Egerton's 1898 novel The Wheel of God, focusing on its status as an Irish Künstlerroman written from a position of exile, and drawing comparisons between it and the works of James Joyce, this essay will seek to redress this imbalance.     

从云南看近代中国边疆民族地区女学的产生及其影响

在近代中国边疆民族地区女学的兴起与发展历程中 ,西南地区的云南由于民族众多 ,毗邻英属缅甸和法属越南 ,因而女学的产生和影响具有一定的代表性和典型性。本文以中国整体为理论视角 ,探讨了近代云南女学的产生、发展及影响。认为近代云南女学兴起于 19世纪末 2 0世纪初 ,最早始于教会女学 ,云南自办女学的出现推动了女学教育的进一步发展 ,小学男女生同校及大学开放女禁使女子教育趋于完善。近代云南女学不仅培养了大批女性人才 ,还巩固了祖国西南边疆 ,加强了民族团结 ,在一定程度上促进了云南边疆民族地区传统社会的变迁。同时 ,与沿海和内地相比 ,由于受客观条件的限制 ,近代云南女学也具有起步晚、起点低、规模小、类型复杂、总体水平不高等局限。     

Calls for educating girls in the Third World: futurity,girls and the ‘Third World Woman’

In this article I examine three calls for Western support for girls' education in the ‘developing world’. Using transnational feminist theory and discourse analysis I look at three examples of these calls; Three Cups of Tea, ‘Because I Am a Girl’ and the United National Girls Education Initiative. I suggest that what Mohanty (1988) terms the ‘Third World Woman’ – a homogeneous, static image of women in the third world – is the spectre used to motivate Western support. Through representations of girls, Western viewers/readers are hailed to invest in order to save the girl-child from the haunting ‘Third World Woman’. The girl-child, through her particularity as a girl, her future womanhood as motherhood and her neoliberal potential, becomes presented as emblems of a better future with the investment of Westerners.     

Spying in the British Post Office,Victorian Politics and Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White

In 1844, the British public learned that the government was secretly opening exiled Young Italy leader Giuseppe Mazzini’s private letters and sharing information with continental authorities. For outraged citizens, espionage in that quintessential liberal institution, the reformed British Post Office, appeared un-English, despotic and criminal, the makings of a Gothic plot. Representations of the Post Office Scandal in Parliament and print predict the revision of the Gothic into the sensation novel that occurred with the publication of Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White. Attention to the fields of Anglo-Italian studies, mid-Victorian print culture and the development of narrative form in the mid-nineteenth century illustrates the historical and political implications of letter-opening for the emergence of a new fictional genre. The Post Office Espionage Scandal and The Woman in White share a central place in a mid-Victorian moment of evolution in the mutually constitutive relationship between Italian and British national identities, producing and reflecting a crisis in Britishness focused on the secret tyrannies concealed beneath the surface of Victorian liberalism. The letter-opening scandal reveals a crisis in Victorian liberalism in the political realm and the media, while The Woman in White translates this Victorian crisis of confidence into a literary genre defined by exposing the sordid undercurrents of British society: sensation fiction. Together, the espionage scandal and Collins’s novel respond to and generate a challenge to Victorian complacency that emerged out of the collision of British and Italian politics and culture in the mid-nineteenth century.     

A geoarchaeological evaluation of a reported late Pleistocene human burial from Brazoria County,Texas

The skeleton of a human adult female was excavated from alluvial sediments along the Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas. She was buried face down in an extended position with her hands crossed beneath the waist. Initial radiocarbon ages indicated that this skeleton dated to the late Pleistocene. Geoarchaeological and archaeological excavations at the site, coupled with new radiocarbon ages, amino acid compositional data, and an analysis of the previously reported radiocarbon ages obtained from the skeleton instead suggest a middle Holocene age for this burial.     

古代祈雨仪式的性别研究

祈雨,作为远古人类保证生存的必要手段,一直都是古代社会最重要的巫术仪式,从传世的文献记载来看,形式丰富的祈雨仪式都与女巫(女人)有着不解之缘,她们或是仪式的主持和主角,或是充当祭祀中的献礼,或是在巫术失败的时候被真正的杀害.女人在祈雨仪式中的不可缺失性与我国古老的思想文化传统密切相关,而其在仪式中地位和作用的不断弱化也从一个侧面反映出女性在历史发展过程中整体地位的逐渐下降.