Culture-led urban regeneration policies in the Ibero-American space

ABSTRACT

This article examines cultural policy strategies supporting urban regeneration, focusing on its particular characteristics in the Ibero-American context. We start by developing a systematic contrast between the different circumstances that have led to the emergence of these strategies in the Ibero-American sphere and in other parts of the world. Our examination of the Ibero-American regenerative experience also includes a consideration of the paradigmatic cases that arose initially in the Iberian Peninsula and the typological analysis of subsequent Latin American experiences. The consideration of all these different elements ends up providing a global vision of the specificity of the phenomenon in its Ibero-American context.     

Public game funding in the Nordic region

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we explore the policies related to support structures surrounding national game industries, with focus on the three Nordic countries Finland, Norway and Sweden, and investigate what kind of context the Nordic welfare state model has provided for game development. The three cases illustrate how Nordic welfare state measures have interacted with the games industry over time. While the political ideals have been fairly similar, our study demonstrates how the objectives and practical means of state engagement have differed significantly. We argue that although the three countries all have support schemes of which game companies can take advantage, there are significant differences in the degree to which each individual country has organized government interventions and support. While the Finnish state has treated game development as an endeavour in business development, the regional Nordic game program and the Norwegian state has developed a cultural policy that primarily aims to protect the cultural heritage. The Swedish state has not established a tailormade policy directed towards game development but has a broad spectrum of general policies for supporting research and business development. We suggest that future research should investigate how the public funding is structured and how discourses are formulated around appeals for more public funding for the games industry.     

试析夏同龢《状元策论答卷》的政治哲学思想

夏同龢为贵州历史上两个状元之一,其《状元策论答卷》与光绪帝当时维新变法的思想相近,从“求才”、“经武”、“绥远”、“理财”四个方面阐述了执政及变法之要,通篇洋溢着爱国、务实、变革、维新的思想,有较深刻的政治哲学思想。     

The Right Tool for the Job: The Canalization of Presidential Policy Attention by Policy Instrument

This article investigates how presidential policy attention is allocated across policy tools and whether there is a channeling of tool use by policy area. I also examine whether there is evidence of disproportionate information processing within presidential policy attention allocation and whether it is common across presidential policy tools. Presidential messages, hearings on administrations' legislative proposals, amicus briefs, and executive orders are employed to capture presidential policy tools. The allocation of attention via these four instruments is examined from 1957–2007 in the policy areas of defense and foreign affairs, macroeconomics, banking and commerce, civil rights, law and crime, and labor and immigration. I find that there is a canalization of presidential policy attention by instrument, and that the opportunity structure of policy tools shapes attention allocation. Additionally, I find evidence for punctuated equilibrium theory in the allocation of presidential policy attention via these four tools. When presidents do shift their attention to an issue area, they often attack the issue with some coordination of their policy instruments.     

论北宋制衡三衙的相关措施

三衙,全名为殿前都指挥使司、侍卫亲军马军都指挥使司和侍卫亲军步军都指挥使司,是北宋禁、厢诸军常设之统帅机构。其帅,宋人称作“三帅”、“管军臣僚”,或简称“管军”。三衙制度,与募兵制取代征兵制相适应,肇始于唐末五代,至北宋方渐趋于定型。它的确立,首先解决了中唐以降的藩镇割据问题。兵权由地方集中到中央得以实现。在此基础之上,从宋太祖开始的北宋统治,本着“兵权宜分不宜专”的原则,又从合理调整三衙与枢密院、皇城司以及帅臣之间的关系人手,构建了三衙、枢密使、皇城司主管宦官、帅臣之间彼此相互制衡的严密体系,并加强了台谏对三衙的监察,和皇帝对军政的亲自干预,从而进一步实现了兵权向皇帝手中的集中。     

赤水“桥上桥”与生态环境变迁

本文考证了渭南、华县之间的赤水河“桥上桥”的建造年代及形成原因。通过对有关历史资料深入研究,确证下桥始建于清初(1667年),上桥则建于清朝中叶(1832年)。赤水河中上游的过度垦殖和植被破坏带来的生态环境恶化造成了下游河床泥沙淤积,形成了地面悬河,原赤水桥为泥沙淹塞,失去功能,故不得不在桥上建桥。桥上桥的形成是当地生态环境变化的结果和标志。     

“As Though There Was No Boundary”: the Shipshaw Project and Continental Integration

This essay reads Munro’s 2001 story collection as embodiment of her artistic accomplishment. Beginning with a 1952 internal Canadian Broadcasting Corporation reader noting “evocative and luminous phrases” in two of Munro’s earliest stories, it argues that such phrases have informed Munro’s fiction throughout her career. In Hateship, these phrasings are key to “Family Furnishings,” “Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage,” “Post and Beam,” “The Bear Came Over the Mountain,” and especially “Nettles.” There Munro structures her stories around “real facts in the making,” combining autobiographical facts and situations with her imaginative renderings of them. This collection reveals Munro at the height of her accomplished art.     

日本锁国新论

终江户一代,日本实施了锁国政策,但这种锁国并非常规理解的紧闭国门,拒绝与外界进行一切交流的锁国。事实上,日本不仅保持着与中国、荷兰、朝鲜等国的联系,而且通过中国人与荷兰人获得外部情报,并通过推广兰学接触西方科学成果。正是这种非常规的锁国,一方面维护了日本国内两百多年的和平与稳定,有效地阻止了西方殖民主义的侵略,维护了民族独立;另一方面将学习吸收外来文化的选择权牢牢掌握在自己手中。     

线条的困惑

线条之于中国画,最初的功能只是框定形状,勾画轮廓。随着绘画的发展,线条被赋予更多的功能和内涵,不仅要清晰展示出画家所描绘的物体,还要显示出某种意蕴和精神,以昭示人类的某些情感,甚至被分门别类,与各类意蕴一一对应。如此,又不免有生搬硬套之嫌。线条在书法里挥洒自如;而在绘画里,则或得颜色、章法之助倍受赞誉,或被名士名流赋予诸多诠释。于是,线条不胜困惑。