试论《清明上河图》的情节艺术

宋代张择端的《清明上河图》,从长卷形式,采用散点透视构图法,通过一些戏剧性的情节与写实的细节描写,把北宋都城汴河沿岸清明时节的风俗景观生发出活灵灵的艺术图画,表现出较高的情节艺术水平。     

“杀杨儆宋”：杨杏佛被刺问题中的一个误解

蒋介石为何暗杀杨杏佛,"杀杨儆宋"说曾长期流行,照此杨成了过渡的工具,成了用以警示并可替代的牺牲品.其实"杀杨"是必然的,此举并非针对宋庆龄,主要目的是要扼杀民权保障同盟,一举扫除专制道路上的障碍.况且动机只是一个方面,还有个人原因也很重要,即具体暗杀对象与被选个人的情况有关.在蒋介石眼里,杨是一大祸害,他曾不顾禁令如实报道苏区,现又为民权保障同盟总干事,到处营救政治犯,做了许多共产党想做而做不到的事情.有如此"前因""后果"的考虑,民权保障同盟中最能干最起作用的杨杏佛自然便成了被暗杀的首选.杨杏佛被杀的动机和原因究竟如何,关系对他的评价能否如实到位.     

A Matter of Judgment: Politics,Law and the Trial of Bishop Thomas Watson

Thomas Watson's controversial expulsion from the bishopric of St David's – and hence from the house of lords – after a long and bitterly‐fought series of legal actions, raised fundamental and difficult questions about the right to control membership of the house of lords and about the relationship between politics and the law, as well as between church and state. This article explores both the local and the national political contexts that prompted Watson's ordeal, suggesting that subsequent demonisation by Gilbert Burnet has obscured the extent to which Watson was the casualty of William III's determination to cow his political opponents. It concludes that Watson was marked out for opprobrium precisely because, like Sir John Fenwick, his political and social insignificance enabled him to be victimised without risking a backlash of opposition from the social and political elite.