Money,Manipulation and Misunderstanding on Manus Island

The treatment of asylum seekers at the Manus Island Regional Processing Centre in Papua New Guinea (PNG) has attracted much international attention, but there has been little analysis of its local and transnational impact. This article investigates the repercussions for the communities on Manus Island, on domestic affairs in PNG, and on the relationship between PNG and Australia. Overall, it concludes that the costs arising from the money, manipulation and misunderstanding generated by the centre seem likely to outweigh the purported benefits, particularly for Manusians and other ordinary Papua New Guineans.     

胶研水对几种传统纸张性能的影响

由明矾和胶料配制而成的胶矾水,是书画绘制、装裱和修复过程中经常使用的材料。胶矾水具有防腐、固色和增加机械力度等功能,但对纸质文物的耐久性有一定的影响。本研究选用宣纸、桑皮纸和连史纸等代表性的传统手工制纸,在它们的表面分别涂敷不同浓度的胶矾水,经干热老化后,对比分析它们的酸碱度、白度、耐折度和抗张强度的变化,揭示胶矾水对这几种手工纸张性能的影响,进而探讨其影响机理。研究结果表明,胶矾水将增加纸张的酸度、降低纸张的白度,明胶水能提升纸张的机械强度,而不同浓度明矾对纸张机械强度的影响存在差异。     

3. EVOCATION, ANALYSIS, AND THE "CRISIS OF LIBERALISM"

In The Years of Extermination , the second volume of Nazi Germany and the Jews , Saul Friedländer attempts to write an "integrated" history of the Holocaust that captures the "convergence" of German decisions and policies, the reaction of the surrounding world, and the perceptions and experiences of the Jews. Although several historiographical issues are studied in detail (the role of Hitler, the evolution of Nazi anti-Jewish policy, and the role of the Christian churches), the most innovative aspect of the book is its extensive use of excerpts from over forty diaries of Jewish victims, which are interspersed among the statements of Nazi leaders and officials, Wehrmacht soldiers, churchmen, and various collaborators and bystanders in order to juxtapose "entirely different levels of reality." What ultimately holds the book together, despite its intentionally disrupted narrative and Friedländer's disclaimer that the history of the Holocaust can be encompassed within any "single conceptual framework," is the overarching theme of the "crisis of liberalism."     

城市文化遗产保护的困境及其解决途径

城市化的高速发展对城市文化遗产保护提出了严峻挑战。目前,存在着认知偏离、资金短缺、技术缺乏、法制不全、机制落后五大困境,必须确立文化遗产保护与城市整体发展的战略思想,健全法制,建立起有效的保护途径、技术支撑途径、资金来源途径、全民参与途径、执法监督途径,下好文化遗产保护这盘大棋。     

Australia’s Detention Centres on Manus Island and Nauru: An End of Constructive Pacific Engagement?

The ‘Pacific Solution’ of transporting asylum seekers who arrive by boat in Australian waters to detention centres on Nauru and on Manus Island in Papua New Guinea (PNG) has attracted considerable international attention. Most of this has focused on the treatment of those detained and the morality, practicality and sustainability of Australian refugee policy. In this issue of ‘Pacific Currents’, we focus on the consequences for the Island nations. This article sets the scene for articles on Nauru and Manus Island by: 1. outlining the policy debates that led to the two phases of the ‘Pacific Solution’; 2. assembling data covering the numbers and costs involved; and 3. exploring the policy options in the wake of the PNG Supreme Court’s April 2016 ruling that the Manus Island centre was in violation of the constitution. All three papers are particularly concerned to explore the domestic political and legal ramifications of the centres for Nauru and PNG, and to examine the impact on Australia’s reputation in the Pacific region.     

段祺瑞与善后会议

段祺瑞出任北京政府临时执政后,发起组织召开的善后会议,是中华民国史上一次颇为引人注目的大会.过去的论著基于"反军阀官僚"的理论模式,多持笼统否定的意见,缺乏深入细致的探讨.本文在前人著述尤其是近年来新成果的基础上,从原始资料出发,力求客观真实地反映出善后会议的背景、过程和影响,着重阐述段祺瑞在善后会议前后及会议期间的所作所为,从而加深对历史人物和历史现象复杂性的理解和思考.     

Australia’s Detention Centre and the Erosion of Democracy in Nauru

Since 2013, the Nauru government has undermined democracy by reducing the independence of the judiciary, treating opposition MPs as potential traitors, curbing freedom of speech and restricting visits by variously defined groups of people who include journalists, Australians and New Zealanders. New Zealand responded by suspending its aid to Nauru’s justice and border control department. Australia, by contrast, has said little. The Nauru government would not have acted so boldly in curbing civil freedoms and weakening the rule of law if Australia had been less dependent on its goodwill to act as host for Australia’s Regional Processing Centre, which houses asylum seekers who have attempted to reach Australia by boat. Australia’s reliance on Nauru – driven by urgent domestic political considerations – has fostered an atmosphere where the principles of good governance can be flouted with little fear of significant criticism from Canberra.     

遵义会议前中共中央高层权力的转移:对毛泽东领导权威形成的历史考察

斯大林和共产国际鉴于中共中央屡屡出现的"路线错误",以留苏学生担纲改组了中共最高领导层。以博古为首的临时中央,是"国际路线"不折不扣的执行者。第五次反"围剿"的失败,使"国际路线"的正确性受到怀疑,"国际派"内部也顿生罅隙。毛泽东在长征途中争取了"国际派"成员张闻天、王稼祥的支持,在政治局中结成"小三人团"。红军湘江惨败后,中央最高"三人团"的威信直落谷底,出现严重的信任危机。在红军存亡之际,毛泽东提出新的进军路线,得到多数人的赞同。周恩来继张、王之后,转向毛泽东一边,瓦解了最高"三人团"的最后抵抗。由此,中央的实际权力开始转到了"小三人团"的手里,为遵义会议的召开和改组中央领导机构,做好了组织上的铺垫。     

旅美华侨与华盛顿会议

依据《申报》、《晨报》、《民国日报》、《大公报》等报刊在华盛顿会议前后的相关报道,对旅美华侨的活动进行梳理考察,认为旅美华侨对华盛顿会议极为关注,如会前要求南方政府派代表与会,会中及时通告国外信息,联络在美国民代表、留学生批驳不利舆论,监督政府代表,反对直接交涉与借款赎路,一定程度上博得了国际舆论的同情与支持。旅美华侨的活动对华盛顿会议产生了积极的影响。